种植密度和氮肥水平对小麦新品种津强7号产量及农艺性状的影响

【目的】提高肥料利用效率,探索合适的种植密度,以达到高产、高效是小麦栽培的主要研究内容之一,对于提高小麦单产具有重要意义。【方法】项目组依据N肥料使用量及施用方式和4种植密度下小麦的株高、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重、亩穗数几个产量相关性状的变化,对小麦新品种-“津强7号”规范化栽培技术进行研究。【结果】研究结果表明,“津强7号”的产量、穗长、小穗数性状稳定,在多种密度和N肥施用方式上均未出现显著变化；其株高、穗数受到了种植密度的影响,而千粒重、穗粒数受到了种植密度和N肥使用方式的影响。【结论】密度低千粒重和穗粒数显著增加,拔节期施用N肥5 kg/666.7m²,抽穗期施用10 kg/666.7m²,植株较矮。田间采用30 万苗/666.7m²的种植密度,拔节期一次性施N肥10 kg/666.7m²的栽培模式,技能节约生产成本,又可获得较高产量,成为“津强7号”规范化栽培技术的核心内容。

New Wheat Variety‘Jinqiang 7’: Effect of Planting Densities and Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on Yield and Agronomic Characters

The aims are to popularizing the spring wheat variety‘Jinqiang 7’with high quality, strong gluten and high yield, and to provide technical support for the production of high-quality and strong-gluten wheat. The height, spike length, spikelet number, grain number per spike, 1000-seed weight, spike number and yield were detected under different N fertilizer proportions at jointing stage and heading stage. And then the optimum planting model of‘Jinqiang 7’was obtained. The results showed that the yield, the spike length and the spikelet number of‘Jinqiang 7’were relatively stable, and there was no significant change with different densities and N fertilizer applications. The plant height and spike number of‘Jinqiang 7’was affected by planting densities, while 1000- grain weight and grain number per spike were affected by both planting densities and N fertilizer application mode. 1000- grain weight and grain number per spike increased significantly under low planting density. Under N fertilizer of 75 kg/hm2 at jointing stage, and 150 kg/hm2 at heading stage, the height of‘Jinqiang 7’was lower than that in other treatments. The planting density of 4.5 million seedlings/hm2 and N fertilizer of 150 kg/hm2 applied once at the jointing stage is the best cultivation model of‘Jinqiang 7’.