不同来源玉米自交系植株性状特征分析

为了获得优良的玉米自交系，从而培育优良的玉米新品种，本研究通过统计分析和聚类分析对211 份不同来源的玉米自交系的11 个植株性状进行分析，并与玉米杂交种‘郑单958’和‘先玉335’的亲本自交系进行比较，从而筛选性状优良的玉米自交系。结果表明，自交系间除第一层气生根数呈显著差异外，其余均为极显著差异；各植株性状的变异系数均较大，其中雄穗分枝数的变异系数最大为27.99%，叶长的变异系数最小为6.04%；聚类分析将211 份自交系划分为9 个类群，G1~G4 类群包含192个自交系，占91%；与优良玉米杂交种‘郑单958’和‘先玉335’的亲本自交系进行比较，筛选出14 个植株性状优良的自交系。总之，本研究采用的211 份不同来源的玉米自交系材料之间遗传差异大，代表类型丰富，研究结果具有代表性。11 个植株性状之间均存在不同程度的相关性。聚类分析筛选出14 个植株性状优良的自交系，可为优良植株性状新品种选育提供参考。

Plant Traits’Characteristics of Maize Inbred Lines

To obtain great maize inbred lines to cultivate new maize varieties, 11 plant traits of 211 maize inbred lines from different sources were analyzed by statistical analysis and cluster analysis. The maize inbred lines with great traits were screened by comparison with the parental inbred lines of the maize hybrids ‘Zhengdan 958’and‘Xianyu 335’. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the number of aerial roots in the first layer among the inbred lines, and all other traits were obviously significant. The variation coefficient of each plant trait was larger, the highest variation coefficient was 27.99% for tassel branching, and the smallest was 6.04% for leaf length. Cluster analysis divided all the inbred lines into 9 groups. The G1-G4 group contained 192 inbred lines, accounting for 91.0%. Compared with the parental inbred lines of the two great maize hybrids‘Zhengdan 958’and‘Xianyu 335’, a total of 14 inbred lines with great traits were selected. In summary, the genetic differences among the 211 sources of maize inbred lines used in this study are large, representative types are abundant, and the results are representative. There are different degrees of correlation among the 11 plant traits. Cluster analysis selected 14 inbred lines with great traits, which could provide reference for breeding new varieties with great plant traits.