东北黑土地保护评价指标体系研究

东北黑土区是中国重要的粮食生产基地,近年来黑土地出现地力下降、水土流失等问题。研究旨在建立耕地保护评价指标体系对东北黑土地保护状况进行评价和监督,以期达到提升黑土土壤质量、保护农田生态环境、增加农田产出的效果。笔者在东北黑土区实地调研的基础上选取了l4个一级指标及15个二级指标构建东北黑土地保护评价指标体系,并采用层次分析法综合专家意见确定指标权重,构建综合评价指标模型。研究结果表明:经过筛选与计算选取了农田肥力(权重0.4700)、农田环境(权重0.3093)、农田管理(权重0.1517)和农田产出(权重0.0690)一级指标,及有机质(权重0.1773)、黑土层厚度(权重0.1590)、全氮(权重0.0955)、沟蚀面积(权重0.0777)、农田产出(权重0.0690)等二级指标评价黑土地的改善或恶化情况,并根据权重建立了综合评价指标。运用该指标体系和评价方法对东北黑土区的耕地保护效果进行评价,可为东北地区农业可持续发展打下坚实基础。

Evaluation Index System of Black Soil Protection in Northeast China

Black soil area in Northeast China is an important grain production base, fertility decline and soil erosion appeared in recent years. Evaluation index system of black soil protection was established to evaluate and supervise the condition of black soil protection, to improve soil quality, protect farmland ecological environment and increase farmland output. Based on field investigations in the black soil area in Northeast China, the authors selected 14 first-class indexes and 15 second-class indexes to construct an evaluation index system, then used the analytic hierarchy process combined with expert opinions to determine the index weight and construct the comprehensive evaluation index model. The results showed that after selection and calculation, the first-class indexes of farmland fertility (weight 0.4700), farmland environment (weight 0.3093), farmland management (weight 0.1517), farmland output (weight 0.0690) and the second- class indexes of organic matter (weight 0.1773), thickness of black soil layer (weight 0.1590), total nitrogen (weight 0.0955), gully erosion area (weight 0.0777) farmland output (weight 0.0690) were used to evaluated the situation of improvement and deterioration of black soil, and establish the comprehensive evaluation index based on weights. Using this evaluation index system to evaluate the protection effect of the black soil area in Northeast China could provide a solid foundation for sustainable development of agriculture in Northeast China.