油菜新品种(组合)98P37-21稻田免耕适宜播种量和移栽密度研究初探

为了探索油菜新品种(组合)98P37-21高产、高效栽培技术,在稻板田中开展不同播种量和移栽密度试验,研究其对油菜生长发育、主要经济性状、产量及其构成因素的影响,并对直播和移栽油菜效益进行了比较。结果表明:直播油菜4.5~7.5 kg/hm2播种量范围内(密度27.3万株/hm2~38.7万株/hm2),产量随着播种量的增加呈先增后减的趋势;移栽油菜9.0万株/hm2~15.0万株/hm2密度范围内,产量随着移栽密度的增加而增加,直播油菜以6.0 kg/hm2产量最高,移栽油菜以15.0万株/hm2产量最高,但高密度增产优势不明显,表明密度过大也不利于高产,甚至可能降低产量。随着播种量或移栽密度的增加,主茎总叶数、绿叶数、根颈粗、叶面积、一次有效分枝数、全株角果数、每角粒数、千粒重、单株地上部干重、单株产量呈现下降的趋势,而株高、分枝高度变高,叶面积指数变大。移栽油菜主要经济性状指标优于直播油菜,直播油菜产量和产值明显要低,但直播油菜节省劳力和减少投入,净收入却比移栽油菜多1735.7元/hm2,效益明显要高。

Primary Research on the Optimal Seeding Amount and Transplanting Densities of New Rape Seed Variety (Combination) 98P37-21 in No-tillage Paddy Rice Field

In order to explore productive and efficient cultivation techniques of the new rapeseed variety (Combination) 98P37-21, the effects of different seeding amount and transplanting densities on the rapeseed development, main economic traits, yield and yield components were studied, the benefit of direct sowing rapeseed and transplanting rapeseed were also compared. The results showed that: within 4.5-7.5 kg/hm² seeding amount (27.3×10⁴-38.7×10⁴ plants per hm² densities), the yield of rapeseed increased firstly and then decreased with seeding amount improved; within 9.0×10⁴-15.0×10⁴ plants per hm² transplanting densities, the yield of rapeseed increased with transplanting densities improved; the yields of direct sowing rapeseed with 6.0 kg/hm² and transplanting rapeseed with 15.0×10⁴ plants per hm² treatment were the highest, but the production advantage of high density was not obvious and was unfavorable to high yield, showed that too high density might even reduce production. As the seeding amount or transplanting densities increased, total leaf numbers of main stem, numbers of green leaves crown diameter, leaf area, numbers of branch, numbers of pods per plant, numbers of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight, weight of shoot per plant, plant yield all decreased, but plant height, location of branches on the stem rose and LAI also increased. Compared with sowing rapeseed, the main economic traits of transplanting rapeseed were superior, the yield and output value of sowing rapeseed were significantly lower, but sowing rapeseed save labors and reduce investments, the net benefit was significantly higher, which was 1735.7 yuan per hm² more than transplanting rapeseed.