磷高效转基因水稻磷效率特征分析

为了了解磷高效转基因水稻的磷效率特征及其对土壤磷素的影响,笔者以磷高效转基因水稻Os PT4和磷高效突变体水稻PHO2及其非转基因亲本水稻‘日本晴’为供试材料,采用盆栽试验研究在不同施磷条件下磷高效水稻对土壤磷素的吸收效率、利用效率、转运效率以及对土壤碱性磷酸酶活性、全磷含量和速效磷含量的影响。结果发现:Os PT4和PHO2的分蘖数、根长、根干重、穗干重和生物量均高于‘日本晴’;Os PT4和PHO2根的磷吸收效率分别显著高出‘日本晴’3.18倍和3.98倍;叶的磷吸收效率分别比‘日本晴’提高0.92倍和8.07倍;穗的吸收效率分别高出亲本36.59%和29.44%;茎的磷利用效率分别高出亲本2.77倍和3.71倍;磷转运效率分别显著高出亲本88.57%和22.06%。水稻材料Os PT4和PHO2成熟期对根际土壤碱性磷酸酶活性、全磷含量和速效磷含量与‘日本晴’均无显著性差异。磷高效吸收材料Os PT4和PHO2优势主要表现在根和叶的磷吸收效率、茎的磷利用效率及其植株本身的磷转运效率3个方面。

Characteristics of P-efficiency of High-P Efficiency Transgenic Rice

In order to identify the characteristics of P efficiency and its influence on P content in soil by growing high- P efficiency transgenic rice, japonica rice cultivar Nipponbare and its high- P efficiency transgenic rice: OsPT4 and PHO2 were used in pot experiment to compare their differences in efficiency of absorption, utilization and translocation of P and phosphatase activity of soil under different P application levels. The results indicated that the tillers, root length, root dry-weight, panicle dry-weight and biomass of OsPT4 and PHO2 were higher than that of Nipponbare. The root phosphorus uptake efficiency of OsPT4 and PHO2 increased by 3.18 times and 3.98 times than that of Nipponbare, the leaf phosphorus uptake efficiency increased by 0.92 times and 8.07 times. Compared to that of Nipponbare, the stem P utilization efficiency of OsPT4 and PHO2 were 2.77 times and 3.71 times higher, the translocation of phosphorus efficiency of OsPT4 and PHO2 were 88.57% and 22.06% higher. No significant difference was observed in alkaline phosphatase activity, total phosphorus content and available phosphorus content between OsPT4, PHO2 and Nipponbare at maturity stage. The advantages of OsPT4 and PHO2 were higher P uptake efficiency of root and leaf, higher P utilization efficiency of stem and higher translocation efficiency.