茶树无性系良种山地适应性栽培研究

为提高贵州山地茶园无性系良种比率，建立优质、高效茶园，2008年底，从福建、浙江、安徽、湖南、四川引进20个无性系茶树良种与贵州省茶叶研究所新培育的7个新品系，以国家级绿茶标准品种‘福鼎大白茶’为对照，对其移栽成活率、树冠性状、定型修剪枝叶重、品质性状与耐寒性进行田间比较试验，以期筛选出适宜贵州山区栽培的茶树品种。结果表明，试验各品种（系）修剪枝叶重均超过对照，预示有高产潜力，但耐寒性均未超过对照品种；特异品种品质突出，但其他性状表现较差；综合性状好的品种（系）有‘中茶108’和‘苔选03-22’。综合考虑认为，适宜贵州种植的特早生品种有‘龙井43’、‘乌牛早’，早生品种有‘苔选03-22’、‘中茶102’、‘中茶108’、‘中茶302’、‘龙井长叶’、‘浙农117’，中生品种有‘苔选03-10’、‘槠叶齐’等品种（系），‘白叶1号’等可在特定茶区种植。

The Cultivation Adaptability of Improved Clone Tea Cultivars in the Degraded Mountain

In order to improve the planting rate of improved clone tea variety and establish quality, high yield, efficient tea planantion in Guizhou Province, the author introduced 20 clonal tea varieties from 5 provinces, such as Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hunan and Sichuan, and 7 new cultivated tea strains breed by guizhou tea research institute, using ‘Fuding Dabaicha＇ tea variety as the control （CK）, to compared the transplant survival rate, the crown character, cold tolerance, the branches and leaves weight by training and pruning and quality characters in field trials at the end year of 2008. The results showed that all the tea varieties in tested, the predicted yield were larger but the ability of cold tolerance were weaker than the CK, while the quality of special improved tea varieties were extraordinary except other traits were weak. The integrated characters of ‘Zhongcha 108＇ and ‘Taixuan 03-22＇ were the best in test. ‘Longjing 43＇, ‘Wuniuzao＇ were the earliest tea varieties, ‘Taixuan 03-22＇, ‘Zhongcha 102＇, ‘Zhongcha 108＇, ‘Zhongcha 302＇, ‘Longjing Changye＇, ‘Zhenong 117＇ were the earlier and‘Taixuan 03-10＇, ‘Zhuyeqi＇ were the early tea varieties, which all were suitable for planting in Guizhou Province, beside some tea varieties such as ‘Baiye 1＇ were suitable cultivation and popularized in some specific tea regions.