中国中低产田时空分布特征及增产潜力分析

改造中低产田，挖掘现有耕地的生产潜力是实现耕地总量动态平衡，提高我国粮食综合生产能力，保障未来我国粮食安全的主要途径之一。本文利用全国农业分县数据及全国第二次土壤普查数据，对我国中低产类型、时空分布特点以及增产潜力进行了研究。结果表明：1985-2008年，我国耕地质量逐步提高，低产田比例由50.01%下降到28.61%，中产田的比例由24.86%提高到37.91%、高产田的比例由25.13%增加到33.48%，中低产田主要分布在东北区、华北区、以及长江中下游区；中低产田的主要类型为瘠薄型、干旱缺水型、坡耕地型、渍涝水田型、渍涝旱地型、盐碱型、风沙型等。分析了我国中低产田改造的增产潜力，在此基础上提出了中低产田改造的技术对策、发展方向和政策建议。

The Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and yield potential of Medium-low Yielded Farmland in china

Improving medium-low yielded farmland is one of the most important ways to realize total arable land equilibrium and protect food security of China. In this study, we use the national agricultural sub-county data and the second national soil survey data to investigate the type, spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and yield potential of medium-low yielded farmland in China. The results showed that the farmland quality had increased gradually from 1985 to 2008. Low-yield farmland ＇ proportion had decreased form 50.01% to 28.61%; the proportion of medium-yield farmland ＇ s had increased from 24.86% to 37.91%; high-yield farmland ＇ proportion had increased from 25.13% to 33.48% . The main distribution areas of medium-low yielded farmland are northeast China, north China and the lower-middle reaches of Yangtze River. The main types were barren land, arid land, sloping land, water logging paddy land, water logging dry land, saline-alkali land, aeolian sandy land and so on. We also calculated the production potential and proposed the technical countermeasures, future research direction and policy recommendations to improve the medium-low yielded farmland.