2种微生物菌剂对蔬菜花卉秸秆高温堆肥过程中氮变化的影响

为寻求蔬菜花卉秸秆简单、有效的利用方法，减少滇池流域农业面源污染。通过堆肥试验研究了蔬菜花卉秸秆接种微生物菌剂农冠和微元后，在翻堆和不翻堆2种处理方式下，高温堆肥过程中温度、全氮(T-N)、水溶性NH₄ -N和水溶性NO₃^--N含量随时间的变化规律。结果表明：不翻堆的3个处理由于缺氧，发酵速率低，短期内不易腐熟。翻堆处理中，纯物料对照样品升温过程缓慢，高温分解阶段持续时间短， T-N损失大，堆肥品质差；添加微生物菌剂农冠后，与纯物料对照相比，提前3天进入高温分解阶段，高温分解持续时间延长4天，T-N含量损失比对照低10.9%，水溶性NH₄ -N比对照降低24.7%，水溶性NO₃^--N则比对照增加14.0%；添加微生物菌剂微元后，与纯物料对照相比，提前5天进入高温分解阶段，高温分解持续时间延长6天，T-N含量损失比对照低24.1%，水溶性NH₄ -N比对照降低29.3%，水溶性NO₃^--N则比对照增加24.2%。接种微生物菌剂可促进水溶性NH₄ -N向水溶性NO₃^--N转化，降低堆肥容重，其中添加微元综合效果更理想。在翻堆条件下接种微生物菌剂微元可加快蔬菜花卉秸秆堆肥化进程，提高堆肥产品品质，且方法简单易行，适合在全流域进行广泛推广。

Effect of Two Microbial Agents on Nitrogen Dynamic Change in High-Temperature Flower and Vegetable Straw Compost

The aims were to find the simple and effective utilizing methods of flower and vegetable straw, and reduce the non-point source pollution in Dianchi Valley. Through the compost experiment, after inoculation of microbial agents Nongguan and Weiyuan, the change rules of temperature, total-N, water-soluble NH₄ -N, water-soluble NO₃^--N followed with time in high temperature compost were studied with two ways of turning and non-turning. The results showed that the three treatments of non-turning were anaerobic fermentation, the low fermentation rate was harder to maturity in the short time because of the anaerobic fermentation condition. In the process of turning, the control samples had a slow temperature rise process, the pyrolysis stage was short, the T-N took a toll and the quality of compost was poor. Compared with the control samples, after adding the microbial agents Nongguan, the test samples entered the pyrolysis stage 3 days in advance and the high temperature decomposing duration extended 4 days, the content of T-N decreased by 10.9%, water-soluble NH₄ -N decreased by 24.7%, water-soluble NO₃^--N increased by 14.0%. Compared with the control samples, after adding the microbial agents Weiyuan, the test samples entered the pyrolysis stage 5 days in advance and the high temperature decomposing duration extended 6 days, the content of T-N decreased by 24.1%, water-soluble NH₄ -N decreased by 29.3%, water-soluble NO₃^--N increased by 24.2%. The inoculation of microbial agents could promote the transformation of water-soluble NH₄ -N to water-soluble NO₃^--N, reduce the density of the compost. Comparing the two microbial agents, Weiyuan had higher quality organic fertilizer than Nongguan. The inoculation of microbial agents in the process of turning could accelerate the vegetable and flower straw composting process, improve the quality of composting products, the method was simple and easy, and suitable to be popularized in Dianchi Valley.