增施磷素种肥对免耕直播油菜生长发育及产量的影响

为研究免耕直播条件下磷素种肥的用量和施用效果，给油菜免耕直播提供配套的施磷技术，在豫南油菜主产区设不施种肥和种肥施用量分别为15 kg/hm2、30 kg/hm2、45kg/hm2、60 kg/hm2的随机区组试验。结果显示，随着种肥用量的增加，油菜冬前苗势明显增强：苗高增加10.41%，根颈粗增加28.89%，单株叶面积增加22.29%；产量性状明显改善：一次分枝数由4.5个增加到6.8个，二次分枝数由2.4个增加到3.3个，单株角果数增加118.57%，角粒数增加18.29%；千粒重随种肥用量增加而降低，但在15 kg/hm2用量时显著高于对照。产量在一定范围内随种肥用量增加而提高。全生育期延长6d。试验证明，免耕直播油菜增施磷素种肥能够促进秋发冬壮，具有显著的增产效果。在土壤含磷量中等田块，磷素种肥用量以30kg/hm2为最优，产量增幅达51.78%。

Effect on Applying Phosphor Seed Manure on Growth and Yield of No Tillage Direct Seeding Rape

The experiments were conducted in the south of Henan, the main rapeseed production area, which were with respective applying phosphor seed manure 15kg/hm2, 45kg/hm2, 60kg/hm2and without any of it in order to study the phosphor seed manure of application rate and effect in terms of no tillage direct seeding, and supply necessary technologies to it. The results showed as the application rate of it increased, others increased too. such as: the seedling height 10.41%, diameter of root base 28.89%, leaf area per plant 22.29%, No.first branches add from 4.5 to 6.8, No. second branches add from 2.4 to 3.3, siliquae per plant 118.57%, seeds for siliquae 18.29%, while the weight of 1000-seed decreased with the increase of application rate, but the weight was striking high than CK in 15kg/hm2. the yield in a limited range improved, the growth period extended 6 days. It made rapeseed growing in autumn and strong in winter, also having great effect on the yield after applying phosphor seed manure to the rape of no tillage direct seeding. The best application rate of phosphor seed manure should be 30 kg / hm2, the rapeseed yield increased by 51.78%.