氮肥增效剂在小麦上的应用效果探索研究

为了探索氮肥增效剂在小麦上的应用效果,以为在沿江江南地区推广此类产品提供科学依据。在磷、钾肥用量相同的条件下,通过田间试验,研究了氮肥增效剂不同施用方法对小麦产量和生长性状、氮肥农学效率以及施肥效益的影响。结果表明:施用氮肥处理较不施氮对照增产3075~4410 kg/hm2,增产幅度最低也可达88.9%;配施增效剂处理较相应氮肥处理有效穗平均增加100.1万/hm2,增幅15.61%;产量平均提高528.25 kg/hm2,增幅达7.74%;氮肥农学效率平均提升3 kg/kg,增幅为16.75%。氮肥减量25%配施伴能处理每公斤氮肥小麦生产效率最高,为25.36 kg/kg;氮肥基追各半,基肥配施增效剂处理产量和净增收入均最高,分别达7869 kg/hm2和8524.50元/hm2。在试验土壤肥力条件下,氮肥仍是小麦生长最关键的营养因子,氮肥增效剂的作用主要是促进有效穗增加,提高成穗率;氮肥增效剂能提高氮肥利用率和小麦生产效率,节约肥料用量及成本,促进小麦增产增收。综合考虑,氮肥基追各半,基肥配施增效剂可作为推荐施肥组合。

Study on the Application Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Synergist on Wheat

In order to know scientific efficacy of nitrogen stabilizer to apply this kind of product in Jiangnan band region, we explore its field performance on winter wheat. Based on the same use rate of Phosphate and Potash fertilizer, we study the effect of nitrogen stabilizer on wheat yield, agronomic characteristics, nitrogen agronomic efficacy and fertilization benefit under different application methods. Trial results show that: 1) Yield performance of treatment with nitrogen can increase 3075-4410 kg/hm2 compared with Untreated, the increase rate at least reach 88.9%; 2) Treatment with nitrogen stabilizer averagely increase productive ear 1 million/ hm2, the increase rate can reach 15.61%. The average yield can increase to 528.25 kg/hm2 and increase rate is 7.74%. Nitrogen agronomic efficacy averagely increases 3 kg/ kg and the increase rate is 16.75%. 3) Decreasing 25% of nitrogen with nitrogen stabilizer has the highest wheat product efficacy, which can reach 25.36 kg/kg. Treatment 50% nitrogen as base fertilizer mixed with nitrogen stabilizer following other 50% nitrogen as side-dress fertilizer had the highest yield and income results, which can reach 7869 kg/hm2and 8524.50RMB/hm2 respectively. Based on our trial results, nitrogen is the most important factor on wheat growth under this trial soil fertility. Nitrogen stabilizer facilitates the increase of productive ear number and percentage of ear bearing tiller. Nitrogen stabilizer increases the utilization of nitrogen and productivity of wheat, which turns out to save fertilizer use rate and cost. Application 50% nitrogen as base fertilizer mixed with nitrogen stabilizer following other 50% nitrogen as side-dress fertilizer is recommended.