提升稻鱼共生模式的若干关键技术研究

新一轮稻田生态养殖在国内已经广泛开展，为了提升传统的稻鱼共生模式的产量，探讨了不同水平的水稻移栽密度和复合肥(N:P:K=14:2:7)施用量对稻田养鱼产量的影响，以及在不产生面源污染的情况下最适宜稻鱼共生系统的生产模式，通过田间试验对不同的处理所得到的产量进行测定和分析。结果表明：在田鱼产量为750 kg/hm²模式下，适当的增加水稻移栽密度(25 cm×25 cm)能显著增加水稻产量(P=0.005)而不影响田鱼产量(P=0.175)；稻鱼共生系统的水稻产量可以降低对复合肥的依赖，将复合肥施用量水平从750 kg/hm²减少到600 kg/hm²，水稻和鱼产量都没有显著性改变，生产成本下降，环境面源污染风险降低。本试验研究提出适合本地生态条件和生产习惯的稻鱼系统管理模式是：水稻移栽密度30 cm×30 cm，复合肥施用480 kg/hm²，投放规格为55±3 g的冬片9000尾/hm²，设计产量为稻7500 kg/hm²、鱼1500 kg/hm²。实践证明，这种优化模式能较好地利用稻鱼共生系统中的各种资源而不产生面源污染等环境压力，可以推荐到全球重要农业文化遗产保护项目青田稻鱼共生系统保护地所在的青田县及其周边乃至全国范围内生态条件及生产消费习惯类似的地区。

Practical Technology for Improved Rice-fish Co-culture System

A new round state-wide rice-based aquaculture has been carrying out in China during the past 5 years. To improve the total productivity of improved traditional rice- fish co- culture system, the effect of transplanting density and application rate of compound fertilizer (N:P:K=14:2:7) were studied in a field experiment. And based on the field experimental results and environmental consideration, an optimized technology was suggested for rice-fish co-culture. Based on yield analysis from two different filed experiments, a rice hill density with 25 cm both between rows and hills would increase rice yield significantly (P=0.005) without any negative impact on fish production (P=0.175) if fish yield was targeted at 750 kg/hm2. The dependency of rice yield to compound fertilizer decreased in rice-fish co-culture system. The yield of both riceand fish had no significant change when the compound fertilizer application rate reduced from 750 kg/hm2 to 600 kg/hm2. An optimized technology system with best resource utilization and without any environmental risk was innovatively established and the suggestions are as follows: 55±3 g sized krill density (9000 individuals/hm2), rice hill density with 30 cm both between rows and between hills, compound fertilizer application rate 480 kg/hm2, predicted fish yield 1500 kg/hm2, predicted rice grain yield 7500 kg/hm2. The suggested technology could be introduced to whole Qingtian County, where the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) located in, and other eco-socially-similar regions with essential trials.