玉米胚乳淀粉合成研究进展

玉米淀粉在食品及工业上的不同用途取决于其独特的理化特征及淀粉结构。对理化特征及淀粉结构进行调控需要了解淀粉的合成途径。目前，相关研究认为玉米淀粉的合成主要受四类关键酶（ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶，AGP；淀粉合成酶，SS；淀粉分支酶，SBE；淀粉去分支酶，DBE）的同工酶协同控制。由于同工酶的活性不同，以及编码基因的突变，使淀粉形成特殊结构，具备不同用途。本文综述了玉米淀粉合成中四类主要的关键酶的生理生化特性、分子生物学特性以及表达调控等方面的研究概况，提出了淀粉改良的相关途径，并讨论了今后的可能发展方向。

Review on maize endosperm starch synthesis

The utilization of maize starch in food industry was determined by its physicochemical characteristics and starch structure. Regulating the starch quality needs to understand the starch synthetic route. In recent years, studies showed that the starch synthesis was controlled by the interaction of the isozymes of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP), starch synthase (SS), starch branching enzyme (SBE) and starch debranching enzyme (DBE). Due to the different isozymes activities and the mutation of coding gene, different starch structures were formed and different industrial applications were produced. In the present paper, the properties of physiology and biochemistry, molecular biology and gene expression of those enzymes were summarized, the relative ways of starch quality improvement were proposed and the possible development direction was discussed.