堆肥微生物分子生态学研究方法及其进展

堆肥是处理有机固体废弃物有效的方法之一。微生物在堆肥过程中发挥重要作用，研究堆肥过程中微生物群落结构及其动态变化对于实现有机固体废弃物快速腐熟具有重要意义。本研究综述了堆肥微生物研究的传统方法：微生物培养方法、显微直接计数法和特定功能微生物研究法，现代分子生物学方法：现代生物化学方法、现代分子生物学技术和高通量测序技术以及其他分子生物学技术，深入分析了堆肥微生物研究的传统方法和现代分子生物学方法各自的优缺点，并针对堆肥微生物群落结构及其动态变化研究方法的选择提出了建议。

Research Methods and Progress on Molecular Ecology of Compost Microorganism

Composting is one of the effective methods of disposing organic solid wastes. The microorganisms play significant roles in the composting process. Therefore, it is of great importance for researchers to accelerate fast maturity by studying microbial communities and dynamic changes during composting process. The traditional methods (cultivation approach, direct microscopic count and specific functional microbial study technique) and modern molecular biology technologies (modern biochemical method, modern molecular biology technology, high-throughput sequencing and other molecular biology methods) of studying compost microorganism were reviewed in this paper, and the advantages and drawbacks of traditional methods and modern molecular biology technologies to research the compost microbial were also deeply analyzed. Finally, the proper choice of research methods of studying compost microbial structure and its dynamic change were proposed.