气候变暖对霜期农业生产期温度和冻土的影响

以建昌县气候监测站1961-2012年逐日气温、地面温度及冻土深度资料为基础，运用现代气候统计诊断技术，分析了该地区霜期设施农业生产期气温、地面温度、最大冻土深度变化趋势和突变特征及对设施农业的影响。结果表明：自1961年以来，建昌县霜期设施农业生产期平均气温、平均地面温度明显升高，倾向率分别为0．32℃／10a、0．29℃／10a，气温在1982年突变性升高，突变之后气温平均升高1．2℃；地面温度在1989年突变性升高，平均升高1．1℃；最大冻土深度明显变浅，倾向率为-4．63cm／lOa，1985年突变性变浅，突变后冻土最大深度平均变浅18．3cm。当气温每升高l℃，冻土最大深度将变浅9．6cm。霜期温度升高等于热量资源的增加，有利于设施农业的发展，冻土深度变浅可减少大棚内植物冻害。研究结果可为大力发展设施农业日光温室提供气候依据。

Effect of Climate Warming on Temperature During Agriculture Production Period and Frozen Soil

In order to analyze change trend and abrupt change characteristics of growing season temperature, surface temperature and the maximum frozen soil depth of facility agriculture during frost season of this district based on the data of daily temperature, surface temperature and frozen soil depth from 1961 to 2012 of climate monitoring station of Jianchang County adopting modem climate statistical diagnosis technique. The results showed that： average temperature and average surface temperature of growing season of Jianchang County facility agriculture during frost season rose obviously. The inclination rate was 0.30~C/10 a, 0.29~C/10 a respectively. Air temperature rose with mutability in 1982, followed by average temperature rise of 1.2~C; surface temperature rose with mutability in 1989, followed by average temperature rise of 1.1~C; the maximum frozen soil depth became obvious shallow. The inclination rate was -4.63 cndl0 a. In 1985, it became abruptly shallow and then the maximum frozen soil depth became shallow for 18.3 cm meters on average. When the temperature increased by I~C, the maximum depth of permafrost would decrease by 9.6 cm. Temperature rising in frost season meant increase of heat resources, which Frozen soil depth becoming shallow could reduce freeze was beneficial for facility agriculture development. injury of greenhouse plants. The study result could provide climate evidence for rapid development of solar greenhouse of facility agriculture.