关中西部冬小麦氮磷钾养分丰缺指标及经济最佳施肥量研究

为建立陕西关中西部冬小麦氮磷钾养分丰缺指标,获得经济最佳施肥量,指导科学施肥。2006—2010年期间在宝鸡市陈仓区分不同肥力水平设置冬小麦＂3414＂肥料效应试验30个,分析冬小麦相对产量与土壤有效养分含量的相关性,通过回归方程确定土壤养分丰缺指标及经济最佳施肥量。通过对试验数据进行统计分析,结果表明：按照冬小麦相对产量55%、75%、85%和95%为临界值,土壤养分分为极高、高、中、低、极低5个级别,关中西部冬小麦的土壤养分丰缺指标为：土壤碱解氮临界指标分别为〉110、80-110、50-80、20-50、〈20 mg/kg;有效磷临界指标为〉50、35-50、20-35、10-20、〈10 mg/kg;速效钾临界指标为〉190、150-190、110-150、70-110、〈70 mg/kg。关中西部冬小麦平均经济最佳施肥量为：冬小麦每公顷施纯氮177.0 kg,五氧化二磷124.5 kg,氧化钾76.5 kg。分析得出的冬小麦氮磷钾养分丰缺指标及经济最佳施肥量针对性和实效性强,对指导关中西部冬小麦科学施肥具有十分重要的理论和实践意义。

Study on Abundant or Lack Index of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and Optimum Economic Fertilizing of Winter Wheat in Western Guanzhong District

The study aims to establish winter wheat abundant or lack index of nitrogen, phosphorus andpotassium in western Guanzhong District, and gain the optimum economic fertilizing guide to practice. 30 winter wheat＂3414＂fertilizer effect experiments were conducted in different soil fertility levels zone in BaojiChencang District, which located in the west of Shaanxi Guanzhong from 2006 to 2010. The authors researchedthe relationship between winter wheat relative yield and soil available nutrients and determined soil nutrientabundant or lack index and the optimum economic fertilizing through relative equations. The results showedthat, the soil nutrient can be divided into 5 levels, namely extremely high, high, medium, low and extremely lowaccording to critical value standard of winter wheat relative yield 55%, 75%, 85% and 95% by statisticalanalysis of experimental data. The winter wheat soil abundant or lack index were as follows, the critical indexof soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen were 〉110, 80-110, 50-80, 20-50, 〈20 mg/kg. The critical index of soilavailable P were 〉50, 35-50, 20-35, 10-20, 〈10 mg/kg. The critical index of soil available K were 190,150-190, 110-150, 70-110, 70 mg/kg.The average optimum economic fertilizing of winter wheat inWestern Guanzhong district were as follows, applied pure nitrogen 177.0 kg/hm2, phosphorus pentoxide 124.5kg/hm2, potassium oxide76.5 kg/hm2 for winter wheat. Analysis results indicated that abundant or lack index ofnitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the optimum economic fertilizing of winter wheat had strongpertinence and effectiveness. It had theoretical and practical significance to instruct scientific fertilization ofwinter wheatin western Guanzhong District.