豫南雨养区近15年小麦生产能力提升原因分析与技术对策——以西平县为例

为了研究小麦生产能力与气候变化的相关性，实现小麦生产水平年际间的稳定和持续提高，以西平县为例，通过对15年气象因子和小麦生产情况的系统分析，结合多年定位丰产高效栽培试验进行对比分析，研究了近15年来豫南雨养区小麦生产水平不断提高与气象因子变化和栽培技术的关系。结果表明，近15年来豫南雨养区小麦生产能力持续提升的主要因素是品种布局优化和栽培技术水平的提高。半冬性品种比春性品种的产量潜力高399.6 kg/hm2（增幅5.48%）；0~10 cm土壤水分含量覆盖比不覆盖和常规翻耕处理均高2.75个百分点，比旋耕3.2个百分点；通过防治蚜虫、赤霉病、纹枯病和叶枯病措施，产量分别提高7.7%、10.2%、5.2%和6.6%。因此，提出以合理品种布局和优化播期播量为基础，自然降水高效利用和病虫害综合防治为关键技术的豫南雨养区小麦持续丰产高效技术途径。

Analysis and Technical Approach of Sustainable Upgrade on Winter Wheat Production at the Rain-fed Area in Southern Henan

In order to study the correlation on wheat production and climate change, and realize wheat production level continuous improvement, took Xiping County as an example. This paper analyzed the meteorological factors and winter wheat production in the past 15 years, combined with the cultivation test on high yield and high efficiency. The main factor on the sustainable upgrading of wheat production capacity was breed layout optimization and cultivation technology level improvement at the rainfed area in southern Henan Province. The yield potential of semi-winter wheat varieties increased 399.6 kg/hm2 than that of spring wheat varieties. The soil moisture content straw mulch could be improved by 2.75 to 3.2 percentage points in 0~10 cm. Yield increased to 7.7%, 10.2%, 5.2% and 6.6% by the control of aphis, fusarium head blight, Sheath Blight Disease and bacterial leaf blight. Finally, it summed up the reasonable breed layout and optimization of sowing date and seeding quantity for the foundation, high-efficiency of rainfall using and insect pests integrated control measures is the key technology of wheat high-yield and high-efficiency technology.