春玉米主要穗部性状配合力及遗传参数分析

选育具有高配合力的优良自交系是育种工作的基础,为更好的了解北方早熟春玉米区玉米(Zea mays L.)自交系的配合力表现和性状遗传规律，为杂交种组配和种质改良提供亲本和育种策略，选用在生产及种质改良中常用的12个玉米自交系，按双列杂交模式设计组配杂交组合, 以完全随机区组设计进行试验，对主要穗部性状进行鉴定，按照改良griffingⅣ 双列杂交分析方法对数据进行处理。试验表明一般配合力和特殊配合力效应在亲本间存在显著差异。穗粗、容重、籽粒行数等性状遗传力较高，主要受加性效应控制。而产量、穗重主要受非加性基因控制,易受环境因素影响。K12、丹340和黑选169对提高产量的效应明显，P138在提高后代容重方面优势显著，含有地方种质的早熟材料龙抗118、大粒黄可以显著提高后代穗部长度。

Combining Ability and Genetic Parameter of Main Ear Traits in Spring Corn

Elite inbred lines with high combing ability are the key factor in corn(Zea mays L.) breeding. Our objectives were to examine the combining abilities and genetics parameters in 12 selected inbred lines in a diallel crosses to identify candidates for promising hybrid combinations and develop breeding strategy for germplasm improvement in early spring corn utilized in the northeast of China. The crosses were tested by random complete blocks methods, several agronomic traits in ear and kernel were evaluated, and data were analyzed in Griffing's method IV for complete diallel crosses design. The combining ability analysis of diallel data showed highly significant effects for general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) in tested traits of selected parents. Ear Diameter, Kernel Density and Kernel Rows of Ear have relative higher heritability and mainly controlled by additive effect; Grain Weight of Single Ear and Plot Yield have relative lower heritability, because non-additive effect take a larger portion in inheritance, these traits tend to affected by environment factors. Several parents can impact the corresponding trait in their offsprings remarkably, K12, Dan 340, HS169 can increase yield, P138 help to improve Kernel Density,local inbreds LK118 and Big Yellow Kernel conduce to prolong the length of ear respectively.