不同施肥配方对冬种马铃薯农艺性状和产量质量的影响研究

为进一步验证和优化马铃薯的施肥指标体系，以标准的“3414”试验作为试验方案，同时增加“2水平+有机肥”处理，以常规高产马铃薯栽培施肥作对照处理，共设16个处理，对马铃薯植株农艺性状进行测定。结果表明：试验各小区的马铃薯收获期植株农艺性状包括株高、生物鲜重、基茎粗、商品薯、商品率、理论产量、绿叶面积指数等显著差异，马铃薯理论产量与施肥量不成正比关系，最大差异高达129.30%，缺N的相对产量为69.88%，少施P的相对产量为112.16%，缺K的相对产量为95.79%，最佳施肥量为N、P、K配合为1:0.54:1.11（N=10.22、P=5.54；K=11.36）。试验结果还表明，试验区土壤中P含量已经较高，P的施用量对马铃薯产量影响不大，施肥的N、P、K三元二次方程为：Y=890.75+159.64N-74.68P+22.56K-4.96N2+6.73P2-0.01K2-2.53NP-2.20NK+2.02PK；按“3414”试验的结果，每公顷的最高施肥量为N：100.5 kg；P：52.2 kg；K：222.75 kg，这可为南方稻田冬种马铃薯高产栽培的“少P、追N、补K”施肥技术模式提供科学理论依据。

Effect of Different Fertilization Level on the Agronomic Traits and Yield of Potato

In order to improve and optimize the fertilization applied for potato, the standard test of "3414" with 16 treatments including "level 2+organic fertilizer" treatment as well as the control treatment of conventional and high yield cultivation fertilize doses, were carried out to determine the agronomic characters of potato plants and yields. The results showed that, each experimental plot potato agronomic characters in harvest period potatoes including plant height, fresh weight, stem thick biological base, commodity potato, commodity rate, yield, leaf area index, had significant difference. Theory yield and fertilizer production of different treatment were out of relationship, and the difference of the maximum difference of up to 129.30% or more. The relative yield of the treatment which was nitrogen deficiency was 69.88, the phosphorus deficiency’s was 112.16, the potassium deficiency’s was 95.79, the optimum fertilizer rate for NPK was 1:0.54:1.11 (N=10.22, P=5.54, K=11.36). In addition, the results also showed that, the P application doses did not affect potato yield for the high P content in the soil fertilization of N, P, K, met the ternary quadratic equation as: Y=890.75+159.64N-74.68P+22.56K-4.96N2+6.73P2-0.01K2-2.53NP-2.20NK+2.02PK. The highest fertilization quantity of N was 100.5 kg/hm2, P was 52.2 kg/hm2 and K was 222.75 kg/hm2. So the fertilization technique mode of "less P, recover N, complement of K" for the high-yield potato cultivation provided a scientific theory.