肯尼亚茶产业与茶树资源育种研究

肯尼亚是世界重要的茶叶生产国，非洲第一大产茶国，以生产CTC(crush, tear, curl)红茶为主，茶叶的品质位居世界前列。茶叶现已成为肯尼亚国民经济的支柱产业，占国民生产总值（GDP）4%；产量的95%以上用于出口，是外汇收入的主要来源之一，占26%的出口换汇收入。目前肯尼亚茶叶研究基金会收集保存了250余份茶树种质资源，已经释放了50个国家级茶树品种。茶树育种技术从传统的杂交育种，逐步向生物技术育种等新技术发展。比较系统地阐述了肯尼亚茶叶产业发展简史与概况、茶树种质资源、育种技术、育成品种、新品种保护及良种繁育与推广等方面的研究进展，以期为中国茶产业可持续发展尤其是品种改良提供参考。

Tea Industry, Germplasm and Breeding Research Progresses in Kenya

Kenya is one of the most important tea producing countries in the world and the No.1 producer in Africa, mainly producing top quality CTC (crush, tear and curl) black tea. Tea is the most important pillar industry in the country’s economy, corresponding for about 4% of GDP (gross domestic product). About 95% of its total tea production was for expert, representing about 26% of the total export earnings. So far, the Tea Research Foundation of Kenya (TRFK) collected and preserved 250 accessions of tea germplasms, released 50 improved tea cultivars. The tea breeding technology is gradually advancing from conventional selection and crossing to molecular biotechnology. This paper reviewed the brief history and introduction of Kenyan tea industry, the research progresses of tea germplasm, breeding technique, released tea cultivars, plant new variety protection, propagation and extension of new cultivars in Kenya, in order to give some implications for the sustainable development of Chinese tea industry, in particular the tea improvement.