黄土高原南部地区天水油菜开花生物学研究

为了解和掌握植物的开花生物学特性是开展蜜蜂授粉试验的基础。为更好地利用蜜蜂为黄土高原南部地区的油菜授粉，于2009-2011年连续3年以黄土高原南部地区--甘肃省天水市广泛种植的‘天油六号’为研究对象，对该地区的油菜开花生物学进行了研究。结果表明：对于群体花而言，油菜初花后第9天开始进入盛花期，第31天转入开花末期，盛花期时间为22天；而对于单株油菜，‘天油六号’第9天的单株开花数量显著高于前8天，第19天时达最高，每株开花数可达25.43朵，此后，开花数逐渐减少。而对一天的开花动态研究表明，油菜开花时间主要集中在6:30-12:30之间，其中8:30-10:30为每天的开花高峰期。对油菜花粉活性和柱头可授性研究表明：花后1 h花粉活性最强，柱头的可授性也最强。一天中，9:00-15:00期间所开花花后1 h的花粉活性显著高于其他时间段的花粉活性。

Flowering Biological Characteristics of Oil Rape (‘Tianyou 6’) in South Loess Plateau

To identify the flowering biological characteristics of ‘Tianyou 6’ which was widely planted in the south of Loess Plateau, the flowering process for group and individual, pollen viability and stigma receptivity of ‘Tianyou 6’ were investigated from 2009 to 2011. The results suggested that ,the full-bloom stage for group flower started from day 9th and ended at day 31th science the first flower appeared, the blossom number of ‘Tianyou 6’ in the day 9th was significant higher than that of first 8 days. The blossom number for per plant increased with time passage during the early flowering stage and full-bloom stage, and it reached the maximum in the day 19th (25.43 flowers per plant per day), then decreased with the time. The blossom time for ‘Tianyou 6’ was mainly focused on 6:30 am to 12:30 am, especially from 8:30 am to 10:30 am. The flowers had the strongest pollen viability during the first 1 hour since it blossomed, and the stigma had the strongest receptivity in the first 1 hour too, with the passage of time, the pollen viability and the stigma receptivity become more and more weakly. For each day, the pollen had the strongest viability from 9:00 am to 15:00 pm.