不同栽培土壤条件下土壤肥力和马铃薯植株营养动态的变化研究

为了解在不同土壤类型上种植马铃薯后对土壤肥力和马铃薯植株营养动态变化，在相同施肥条件下采用随机区组试验方案，研究不同栽培土壤类型的肥力指标和马铃薯地上部和地下部氮、磷和钾含量在不同时期的动态变化。结果表明：使用复合肥可以使马铃薯栽培土壤的pH变小，栽培土壤缓效钾和土壤有机质含量减少，5种栽培土壤全氮、全磷、有效氮、有效钾、有效磷含量增加，而全钾的含量变化因土壤类型而异；马铃薯各个生育期地上部N含量高于地下部N含量，地上部N平均含量在2.5%~5.0%之间，地下部N平均含量在0.5%~2.5%；马铃薯从苗期到成熟期地上部P含量在逐渐降低，苗期 > 蕾期 > 结薯中期 > 成熟期；不同的生育时期马铃薯地下部P含量的变化表现为整体变化趋势均为下降；苗期含量显著的高于成熟期含量；马铃薯在不同的生育期地上部K的含量变幅较小，不同土壤类型中种植马铃薯地下部K含量从苗期到马铃薯成熟期逐渐下降；不同栽培土壤类型地上部和地下部N、P、K含量存在差异。

Studies on Dynamic Change of Fertility and Nutrient Component of Potato Plant under Different Cultivation Soil

In order to find out the soil of fertilizer and the dynamic change of nutrition variation in potato plants on different soil sort after planting potatoes, the fertilizer indexes of dissimilar sorts of soil and dynamic change content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of potato plant in different periods were studied under the same level fertilization by randomized block. The results showed that, by using compound fertilizer, it reduced the pH of soil, decreased the content of slowly available potassium and soil organic matter, and increased the content of total nitrogen, phosphorus, and the content slowly available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but the variety of total potassium differed depending on soil sort. The content of nitrogen in overground plant was higher than underground plant which was between 2.5% to 5% in former, and 0.5% to 2.5% in latter. The content of potassium decreased from seeding to mature periods, and it dropped among seeding stage, squaring stage, tuber middle stage and mature stage. It reduced in phosphorus content of underground plant among different growth stage, and it was higher in seeding stage than mature stage. The content of potassium in overground plant had litter change in dissimilar growth stage, and it decreased in underground plant from seeding stage to mature stage in different soil sort. The different was significant in content of between overground to underground in dissimilar cultivation soils.