江淮地区稻田基础土壤肥力与水稻合理施用技术研究

摘要：针对江淮地区杂交中籼稻生产中由于重氮轻磷钾，养分运筹不合理等现象，对江淮地区5个不同地点通过田间试验方法研究了江淮地区稻田的基础地力、农民习惯施肥以及专家推荐施肥与产量的关系，为提高稻农的施肥水平，为安徽省江淮地区稻区制定高产、优质栽培技术提供理论依据。结果表明，江淮地区稻田基础地力、施肥增产幅度、肥料贡献率呈现出明显的地域差异。江淮地区农民习惯施肥肥料结构水稻生产具有氮磷钾数量不足、比例不适、不同区域差异较大的特点。专家推荐施肥在减少氮用量，采用适宜的氮肥运筹方式，增加磷钾肥用量有明显的增产效果，能协调养分平衡，适时满足水稻高产对养分的需求，提高肥料的效益和利用率，达到以对高产高效的目的。根据本田间试验结果，安徽省江淮地区推荐水稻600-650公斤/亩产量水平的氮磷钾用量：氮肥（N）150～180 kg/hm2，磷肥（P2O5）60～90 kg P2O5 kg/hm2，钾肥（K2O）75～105kg K2O kg/hm2。在氮肥运筹上氮肥总量的40-50%作基肥，20-30%作分蘖肥，20-30%作穗肥施用，磷肥全部做基肥，钾肥60％作基肥，40％ 作拔节肥。

Research on basic soil fertility and reasonable fertilization technology in paddy fields in the Jianghuai region

Aiming at the unreasonable application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on the pro- duction of hybrid rice in the Jianghuai region; the relationship between the yields and the basic soil fertility, farmer accustomed fertilization and expert recommended fertilization in the Jianghuai region was studied by means of field experiment at five different plots to provide a theoretical basis for improving farmers" fertilization effect and establishing high-yield and good-quality cultivation techniques in the Jianghuai region, Anhui prov- ince. The results showed that, there were significant regional differences on basic fertility, increasing in yield and contribution rate of fertilizer in the paddy field of Jianghuai region. Fertilizing structure of farmers in rice production in the Jianghuai region had some problems, such as fertilization deficiency, unsuitable fertilizing proportion and great difference in different region. Expert recommended fertilization had significant effect on decreasing nitrogen application amount, adopting suitable nitrogen operation method and increasing phospho- rus and potassium application amount, as well as balancing nutrient, meeting the demand of high yield of rice and enhancing fertilizer efficiency and use efficiency for the purpose of high production and high efficiency. Based on our field results, it revealed that in the Jianghuai region of Anhui province, recommended fertilizer amounts were 150-180 kg/hm2 for N, 60-90 kg/hm2 for P2O5 75～105 kg/hm2 for K2O at the rice yield level of 9 000～9750 kg/hm2. 40%-50% of the total amount is basal fertilizer, and 20%-30% and 20%-30% for filleting fertilizer and ear fertilizer, respectively. All phosphorus was used as basal fertilizer, and 60% of potassium fer- tilizer as base fertilizer, 40% for jointing fertilizer.