蒜薹采后致病菌种类及侵染规律研究

以金乡蒜薹和苍山蒜薹为试材,研究蒜薹采后病原菌种类、侵染和发病规律。结果表明:导致蒜薹采后贮藏过程中腐烂的病原真菌分为9个属14个种,其中主要是交链格孢属(Alternaria)占28.5%,并且,交链格孢属中,链格孢霉(A.alternate(Fr.)Keissler)最多,占17.9%;其次是葱紫斑交链孢霉(A.porri(Elliott)Cif.),占6.6%,侵染链格孢霉(A.infectoriaSimmons)占4.0%;葡萄孢属(Botrytis),占17.0%,主要是葱鳞葡萄孢霉(B.squamosaWalker)和葱腐葡萄孢霉(B.alliiMunn),占15.6%,灰葡萄孢霉(B.cinereaPers)仅为1.4%;而青霉属(Penicillium)、匐柄霉属(Stemphylium)、镰孢属(Fusarium)、芽枝霉属(Cladosporium)、腐霉属(Pythium)、疫霉属(Phytophthora)和聚端孢霉属(Trichothecium)依次占15.7%、12.6%、7.8%、6.5%、4.9%、3.8%和3.3%。其发病规律是:除青霉属外,其它12种病原菌初期主要侵染蒜薹的薹梢部位,之后再逐渐向薹梗、薹基部位蔓延。

Studies on the Varieties of Pathogenic Fungi and Their Ways of Infection of Garlic Bolts Post-harvest Rot Disease

Using mainly garlic bolts cultivars from Jinxiang and Cangshan production area, studied on the varieties of pathogenic fungi and their ways of infection of garlic bolts post-harvest rot disease. The result showed that 14 species of 9 fungal genera of pathogenic fungi were isolated from garlic bolts in storage period:Alternaria, including A. alternate(Fr.)Keissler,A. porri(Elliott)Cif. and A. infectoria Simmons,made up 28.5%,Among them A. alternate(Fr.)Keissler isolates was the most abundant with the ratio of 17.9%;A. porri(Elliott)Cif. ranked the next,with the ratios of 6.6%;A. infectoria Simmons had the least proportion which was 4.0%. Botrytis,including three species,accounted for 17.0%,B. squamosa Walker and B. allii Munn had the ratio of 15.6%,B. cinerea Pers was only 1.4%. Alternaria and Botrytis was predominant(45.5% )of the total number,followed by Penicillium(15.7%), Stemphylium(12.6%), Fusarium(7.8%), Cladosporium(6.5%), Pythium(4.9%),Phytophthora(3.8%) and Trichothecium(3.3%). The key initial infection gates of 12 species pathogenic fungi without Penicillium on garlic bolts were the top of garlic bolts,from which the infection extended to garlic bolts item and basis,finally pathogenic fungi cause post-harvest rot disease during storage.