不同防治措施对江西稻田蜘蛛亚群落结构的影响

研究不同施药措施对水稻田间蜘蛛亚群落的影响,于2015年在江西省恒湖垦殖场通过吸虫器法调查不同施药措施下水稻田间蜘蛛亚群落结构。结果表明:高效农药防治区和生物农药防治区蜘蛛亚群落总蛛数和物种数均显著低于不施农药对照区,不同施药措施蜘蛛亚群落物种数、优势集中度、香农指数和均匀性指数均无显著差异;4个参数的时间动态基本无明显差异;蜘蛛亚群落中科的组成和优势科种类基本一致,除生物农药防治区和高效农药防治区田间跳蛛科优势度显著低于对照田外,不同施药措施田间蜘蛛科的优势度均无显著差异;蜘蛛亚群落优势种基本一致,除高效农药防治区拟环纹豹蛛优势度显著低于对照田外,不同施药措施田间蜘蛛亚群落蜘蛛优势种优势度均无显著差异。高效农药和生物农药均使稻田蜘蛛数量和物种数显著减少,但对蜘蛛亚群落结构并无显著影响,生物农药对蜘蛛亚群落的影响小于高效农药。

Effects of Different Control Measures on Spider Subcommunity Structure in Rice Field

To assess the effects of different control measures on spider subcommunity, a field evaluation test of spider subcommunity sampling by vacuum- suction machine was conducted in Henghu Farm of Jiangxi Province in 2015. The results showed that the total numbers and species richness of spider subcommunity in efficient pesticide plots and biological pesticide plots were both significantly lower than that of control plots, no significant differences were found in community indices such as species richness, dominance index, Shannon- Wiener diversity index and evenness index; the temporal dynamics of this four indexes had no obvious differences. Meanwhile, family composition and dominant spider families of spider subcommunity were basically identical, except that dominance of Salticidae in efficient pesticide plots and biological pesticide plots were significantly lower than that of control plots, dominant spider species of spider subcommunity were basically identical in different control measures. Except that the dominance of P. pseudoannulata in efficient pesticide plots was significantly lower than that of control plots, there was no significant difference in dominant spider species under different control measures. This study indicates that efficient pesticides and biological pesticides could both significantly reduce the number and species richness in spider subcommunity, but have no significant difference on the spider subcommunity structure. The biological pesticides have less influence on spider subcommunity compared with the efficient pesticides.