硅钙镁磷钾肥用量对油菜产量及磷钾吸收利用的影响

为探讨硅钙镁磷钾肥在油菜上施用效果,于2013—2014年在安徽省通过采用田间小区试验,研究了硅钙镁磷钾肥不同用量与习惯施肥磷钾减半(CF2)配合施用对油菜产量、磷钾吸收利用及土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明,施用硅钙镁磷钾肥较习惯施肥能够有效提高油菜产量,且随着施用量的增加而增大,比习惯施肥(CF1)增产4.0%~20.8%,比习惯施肥(CF1和CF2)磷钾减半(CF2)增产10.2%~28.0%。施用硅钙镁磷钾肥通过提高每荚粒数来增加油菜产量。油菜籽粒磷、钾含量和吸收量随硅钙镁磷钾肥施用量增加而不断增大,用量达到1500 kg/hm2(T100)高于农民习惯施肥处理。施用硅钙镁磷钾肥能够有效提高土壤p H、有效钙和有效镁含量,而对土壤有机质和碱解氮含量无明显影响。硅钙镁磷钾肥合理施用可以明显提高油菜产量、磷钾养分吸收和收获后土壤养分含量,硅钙镁磷钾肥用量以1500 kg/hm2(T100)在油菜上施用效果最佳。

Effects of Silicon, Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer Rateson Rape Yield and Utilization of Phosphorus and Potassium

In order to explore the application effect of silicon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on rape, a field plot experiment was conducted during 2013-2014 in Anhui Province to investigate the effects of silicon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer on the rape yield, utilization of phosphorus and potassium and soil nutrient contents. The results showed that in comparison with farmer practice fertilizer (CF₁) and farmer practice fertilizer with phosphorus and potassium halving (CF₂), silicon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could increase yield of rape. And the yield was 4.0%-20.8% and 10.2%-28.0% more than that of CF₁ and CF₂, respectively. Silicon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could increase the number of seeds per pod. With the increasing of the application amount, contents and uptake amounts of phosphorus and potassium in grain increased, and the application of 1500 kg/hm² (T₁₀₀) was higher than farmer fertilizer practice. Silicon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer could increase soil available calcium, available magnesium and pH, but had no significant effects on soil organic matter and available nitrogen content. It suggested that the yield of rape, phosphorus and potassium absorption and soil nutrient contents could be significantly improved by the rational application of silicon, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, which was 1500 kg/hm² (T₁₀₀).