4种除草剂对胡麻田油菜、荞麦和苦荞麦的防除效果

中国西北和华北地区油菜、荞麦和苦荞麦种植面积较大，其收获时遗落在土壤中的种子翌年出苗后变成了严重危害胡麻的杂草，已成为胡麻生产中亟待解决的突出问题。笔者对2甲·辛酰溴等4种除草剂防除胡麻田油菜、荞麦和苦荞麦开展了应用试验，结果表明：40% 2甲·辛酰溴乳油、25%辛酰溴苯腈乳油和80%溴苯腈可溶粉剂3种除草剂是防除胡麻田油菜的高效除草剂，在600、450、480 g/hm²剂量下药后45天的株防效和鲜重防效均达100%，胡麻增产率分别为83.24%、87.79%、88.13%，3种除草剂在推荐剂量下对胡麻安全，其大面积示范推广的适宜剂量分别为600、450、480 g/hm²。40% 2甲·辛酰溴乳油、25%辛酰溴苯腈乳油、80%溴苯腈可溶粉剂和24%氨氯吡啶酸水剂4种除草剂是防除胡麻田荞麦的高效除草剂，在660、450、540、180 g/hm²剂量下药后45天的株防效在90.32%~98.07%，鲜重防效在97.30%~99.27%，胡麻增产率在87.31%~92.80%，4种除草剂在推荐剂量下对胡麻安全，其大面积示范推广的适宜剂量分别为660、450、540、180 g/hm²，24%氨氯吡啶酸水剂需使用防护罩喷头进行定向喷雾。24%氨氯吡啶酸水剂是防除胡麻田苦荞麦的高效除草剂，在216 g/hm²剂量下药后45天的株防效和鲜重防效分别为91.42%和98.71%，胡麻增产率为94.24%，此种除草剂在使用防护罩喷头进行定向喷雾条件下对胡麻安全，其大面积示范推广的适宜剂量为216 g/hm²。

Control Effects of Herbicides on Brasscia napus, Fagopyrum esculentum and F. tataricum in Linseed Field

There are large areas of Brasscia napus, Fagopyrum esculentum and F. tataricum cultivation in northwest China and north China, their seeds left in soil after harvesting emerge in the next year and turn into weeds of serious damage to linseed, and this has become a major problem in linseed production. Field efficacy trial was conducted in linseed field to evaluate control effects of four kinds of herbicides on B. napus, F. esculentum and F. tataricum. The results showed that 40% MCPA-sodium and bromoxynil octanoate EC, 25% bromoxynil octanoate EC and 80% bromoxynil SP were high-effective herbicides to control B. napus. In linseed field, the plant and fresh weight control effects were 100% after 45 days treatment at the dosages of 600, 450 and 480 g/hm², the yield growth rate of linseed was 83.24%, 87.79% and 88.13%, respectively, the three kinds of herbicides were safe to linseed at the recommended dosages, their suitable dosages in large-scale demonstration and popularization were 600, 450 and 480 g/hm². 40% MCPA-sodium and bromoxynil octanoate EC, 25% bromoxynil octanoate EC, 80% bromoxynil SP and 24% picloram AS were high-effective herbicides to control F. esculentum in linseed field, the plant control effects were between 90.32% to 98.07% and the fresh weight control effects were between 97.30% to 99.27% after 45 days treatment at the dosages of 660, 450. 540 and 180 g/hm², the yield growth rates of linseed were from 87.31% to 92.80%, the four kinds of herbicides were safe to linseed at the recommended dosages, their suitable dosages in large-scale demonstration and popularization were 660, 450, 540 and 180 g/hm², 24% picloram AS need to use protective cover nozzle for directional spray. 24% picloram AS was a high-effective herbicide to control F. tataricum in linseed field, the plant and fresh weight control effects were 91.42% and 98.71% after 45 days treatment at the dosage of 216 g/hm², the yield growth rate of linseed was 94.24%, the herbicide was safe to linseed at the condition of directional spray using protective cover nozzle, its suitable dosage in large-scale demonstration and popularization was 216 g/hm².