水稻籼粳交恢复系茎秆抗倒性的配合力分析

本研究以通过不断聚合和累加不同籼粳亚种有利基因的方法，自育成的不同籼粳分化类型的12个恢复系，与8个两系和三系不育系为材料，采用植物数量性状配合力（NCⅡ设计）分析方法，研究了6个茎秆抗倒性状的配合力和群体遗传参数。结果表明：所考察的6个茎秆抗倒性状的遗传受亲本基因加性效应和非加性效应的影响。倒伏指数、抗折力以非加性效应为主；株高、弯曲力矩、茎椭圆截面积以基因加性效应为主；亲本基因加性效应和非加性效应对后代茎壁截面积的作用相似。恢复系的遗传效应对杂交组合茎秆抗倒性起主要作用。抗折力和弯曲力矩性状除了受亲本特殊配合力的影响外，恢复系的一般配合力也起重要作用。K17A、广抗13A和II-32A三个不育系表现降低籼粳杂种株高超亲和提高抗倒性的遗传效应；明恢509、明恢512、明恢502和明恢398四个恢复系在降低倒伏指数方面较其他恢复系具有明显优势，且株高一般配合力为负效应，在提高茎秆抗倒性为目标的育种实践中有重要利用价值。

Combining Ability Analysis for the Lodging Resistance of Restorer Lines Stem from Indica-Japonica Cross of Rice

The method which could continuously polymerize and accumulate different favorable subspecies gene was used in this study. 12 restorer lines of different Indica-Japonica differentiation types and 8 sterile lines of two and three-lines were used as materials in this study. The combining ability and group genetic parameters of 6 lodging resistance traits were synthetically analyzed based on p×q incomplete diallele cross (NCⅡ) design by using 12 restorer lines and 8 sterile lines (12×8) as experiment materials. The results show that: The heredity of lodging resistance in 6 stem traits is influenced by the additive gene effect and non-additive effect of parent at the same time. The heredity of lodging index and breaking resistance is mainly controlled by the non-additive effect of parent. Plant height, bending moment and stem elliptic sectional area are mainly controlled by additive gene effect. The functions of additive gene effect and non-additive effect of parent on stem wall sectional area of the progeny are quite consistent. The genetic effect of the restorer lines play an important part in the lodging resistance of stem traits for hybrid combinations. The breaking resistance and bending moment are influenced not only by the specific combining ability of parent but also by the general combining ability of the restorer lines. K17A , Guangkang13A and II-32A could play down the transgressive heterosis of plant height in the Indica-Japonica hybrid and enhance the lodging resistance. Minghui509, Minghui512, Minghui502 and Minghui398 have more obvious advantages than other restorer lines in reducing lodging index, what is more, the general combining ability in plant height is negative effect. The 4 restorer lines have important utilizable value to enhance the lodging resistance of stem in breeding practice.