淮北地区长秧龄麦茬机插优质食味粳稻产量及品质特征

为充分挖掘淮北地区麦茬机插优质食味粳稻的产量和品质潜力,在淮安市稻麦综合示范基地,以迟熟中粳‘南粳9108’、中熟中粳‘南粳2728’为试验材料,设置长秧龄30天和常规秧龄20天(CK)的2种秧龄处理,采用传统毯苗机插方式移栽大田,在高产栽培条件下,系统比较研究2种秧龄机插优质食味粳稻的产量形成和品质特征。结果表明,30天秧龄迟熟中粳稻实产较CK增加3.24%~5.01%,差异显著,中熟中粳增加1.79%~1.85%,差异不显著;产量高的原因主要是,长秧龄水稻在稳定穗数基础上,能显著增大穗型,维持较高的结实率和千粒重;与CK相比,长秧龄机插水稻通过在秧田期延长秧龄10天左右,全生育期延长5~7天,虽然移栽期基本苗不及CK,全生育期茎蘖数偏少,但秧苗个体优势较为突出,群体中后期光合系统好,干物质积累量和收获指数高,最终实产较高。30天长秧龄机插优质食味粳稻的稻米加工品质优于CK处理,整精米率显著提高,外观品质显著改善,食味品质提高。机插优质食味粳稻稻米峰值黏度、热浆黏度、最终黏度和崩解值,均表现为30天秧龄处理高于CK的趋势,且差异显著,而消减值的变化呈现相反的趋势,均显著低于CK,30天秧龄机插稻技术改良了优质食味粳稻的稻米品质。淮北地区可根据生产需求加大长秧龄机插稻农机农艺配套技术研究,并推进该项技术的示范应用。

Characteristics of Yield and Quality of Long-Seedling-Age Machine-transplanted Japonica Rice with Good Taste Quality Under Straw Returning in Huaibei Area

To fully explore the yield and quality potential of japonica rice with good taste quality by machine transplanting under straw returning in Huaibei area, medium-maturing medium japonica rice ‘Nanjing 2728’and late-maturing medium japonica rice ‘Nanjing 9108’ were used as the test materials. Two treatments were set, which were machine-transplanted rice with long-seedling-age of 30 days and conventional seedling-age of 20 days (CK) in high yield cultivation condition. The yield formation and quality characteristics of good taste quality japonica rice with two different seedling ages were systematically compared. The results showed that, compared with that of CK, the grain yield of late-maturing medium japonica rice of long-seedling-age increased by 3.24%-5.01%, the difference was significant, while the grain yield of medium-maturing one increased by 1.79%-1.85%, and the difference was not significant. Getting enough spikes and more numbers of grains per panicle, and maintaining high seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight were the main causes of high yield of long-seedling-age machine-transplanted rice. Compared with CK, the long-seedling-age machine-transplanted rice could prolong the seedling age by about 10 days and the whole growth period was prolonged by 5-7 days. Although the basic seedlings at transplanting period was not as good as that of CK and the number of tillers was smaller in the whole growth period, the individual superiority of the long-seedling-age rice was more prominent, and the photosynthetic system was better in the middle and late period of the population, the dry matter accumulation and harvest index were high, and the final yield was good. Compared with CK, the long-seedling-age machine-transplanted japonica rice had higher head milled rice rate, good appearance quality and cooking and eating quality; its peak viscosity, hot pulp viscosity, final viscosity and breakdown value were all higher than those of CK, and the difference was significant; while the setback value showed the opposite trend, which was significantly lower than that of CK. The quality of japonica rice with good taste quality was improved by long-seedling-age machine-transplanting technique. According to the demand of rice production in Huaibei area, we can further study the supporting cultivation technology of long-seedling-age machine-transplanted rice, and promote the demonstration and application of the technology.