沈阳地区农村地下饮用水中重金属健康风险评价

地下水重金属污染已成为全球性问题，直接影响到人们的生活用水和身体健康。通过对沈阳某农村区域饮用水井进行取样分析，运用目前美国环保局推荐的水环境健康风险评价模型初步评价该农村地下饮用水中重金属所引起的健康风险。结果表明，所采集的地下饮用水样点中，部分样点Hg、Pb含量超过GB5749-2006《生活饮用水卫生标准》，应引起高度重视；在饮水途径所致健康危害总风险中，监测的17个样点中有6个样点超过国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受风险水平5.00×10-5 a-1；非致癌物所致风险远远低于标准值，即水体中致癌污染物是对研究区内人体健康造成危害的主要风险源，其中致癌物引起的个人年风险值Cr6+>As>Cd，致癌物中Cr6+所致的健康风险值处于10-4~10-6 a-1，占总风险度的52.64%~100%，表明Cr6+是产生健康风险的主要污染物。因此，应优先考虑防治致癌物Cr6+对农村地下饮用水的污染。

Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in Rural Drinking Groundwater in Shenyang, China

Heavy metal pollution in groundwater has become a worldwide problem. It may affect the water quality for daily use and thus the health of people. Based on the samples analysis of drinkable water from wells, which was the source of drinking water of the rural residents in Shenyang, health risks associated with heavy metal in rural drinking water in Shenyang were assessed using USEPA health risk assessment model. Results showed that, for the total collecting samples of the underground drinking water, the concentration of Hg, Pb in some samples exceeded the Chinese national standard for Drinking Water Quality （GB 5749-2006）,; For the total health risks caused by the way of drinking water, there were 6 sections of 17 investigated sample sections in this study where the health risks resulting from both non-carcinogens and carcinogens exceeded the maximum allowance levels recommended by ICRP （5.00 × 10-5 a-1）. The health risks caused by the non-carcinogens were significantly lower than the standard value, illustrating that the health risks caused by the carcinogens was the main source in the study area. The greatest health risk to the individual through drinking water was Cr6＋, followed by As and Cd. The carcinogens risk caused by Cr6＋ ranged from 10-4 a-1 to 10-6 a-1, contributing to 52.64 to 100 percent of the total risks, Cr6＋ was regarded as the main pollution that caused the health risks. Therefore, the pollution of Cr6＋ in drinking groundwater should be firstly taken into account for prevention and treatment.