不同土壤钾素对强筋小麦产量形成因子的影响

摘要：本试验先后通过对中牟潮土、南阳黄褐土、镇平砂姜黑土、许昌褐土几个土类钾肥不同处理水平，以田间小区试验为主，结合盆栽试验、池栽试验，系统地研究了不同土类上6种钾素水平（纯N、P2O5施用量一致）对土壤有效氮、有效钾，强筋小麦9023群体动态，植株养分含量，产量及产量因子的影响，结果表明：收获后速效成份分析，碱解N：南阳黄褐土＞中牟池栽黏土＞中牟盆栽壤土＞中牟大田轻壤＞中牟池栽砂土；速效K：中牟盆栽壤土＞中牟池栽黏土＞中牟池栽砂土＞中牟大田轻壤＞南阳黄褐土；缓效K：中牟池栽黏土＞南阳黄褐土＞中牟大田轻壤＞中牟盆栽壤土＞中牟池栽砂土。在中牟大田轻壤、镇平砂姜黑土、许昌褐土条件下，适量施钾（适宜施钾量为180kg/hm2～240 kg/hm2），可提高强筋小麦越冬群体、最高群体和有效群体。多点钾肥试验结果表明：钾肥主要通过增加千粒重显示其肥力效应。增产幅度一般在10%左右。如果单从产量角度考虑，中牟大田轻壤、镇平砂姜黑土、南阳黄褐土上经济最佳施钾量分别为180 kg/hm2、220 kg/hm2、190kg/hm2。土质越黏，经济最佳施钾量也越高。在氮磷充足的前提下，小麦对钾的吸收存在着“奢侈吸收”现象。综合比较施钾量对强筋小麦生理、群体、土壤养分、植株养分、产量及产量因子的影响，从经济效益和产量综合指标分析，适宜的K2O用量应在120 kg/hm2～180kg/hm2之间。

Effects of Potassium in the Different Soil Types on the Factors of Yields Formation of the Strong Gluten Flour Wheat

Including the field plot experiment, we had orderly studied the effect of group dynamics of the strong gluten flour wheat, yield and factors of yield, by the six potassium levers in the zhongmou fluvo-aquic soil, zhenping vert soil and xuchang brown soil. Regular potassium fertilizer could lead the increasing of the winter group, the highest group and effective group of the strong gluten flour wheat. Fertilization of potassium mainly enhanced the 1000-seed weight ieveal their fertility effect again potassium through some potassium test result. Potassium increased the yield of wheat about 10%. Baaed on the premise that nitrogen and phos-phorus was sufficient, wheat's absorption to potassium had "luxurious to absorb" phenomenon.