三种中药提取物对桃褐腐菌（Monilinia fructicola）的抑菌作用

为筛选出对桃褐腐病菌具有抑制作用的中草药抑菌活性物质，采用三次浸渍提取法对中草药进行提取，通过菌丝生长速率法、单位面积产孢量计算法和凹玻片悬低法进行抑菌活性测定，再经过光学显微镜观察抑菌活性物质对桃褐腐菌的形态、结构的破坏作用，得出结果：黄芩、甘草和威灵仙的4种溶剂提取物对桃褐腐病菌（M. fructicola）均有不同程度的抑制作用，其中黄芩丙酮提取物和黄芩80％乙醇提取物的抑制作用较强，抑菌率达到80％以上，对菌丝细胞有明显的破坏作用，且能够抑制分生孢子的产生与萌发；同时对供试的16种植物病原真菌也有不同程度的抑制效果，抑菌谱较广。说明黄芩丙酮和黄芩80%的乙醇提取液中均含有抗菌成分。

Fungistasis of Three kinds of Chinese Herbs Extracts against Monilinia fructicola

In order to screen the antifungal activity material against Monilinia fructicola from Chinese herbs, three-time-impregnation was used to extract the active material. The antifungal activity was determined by mycelium growth rate, sporulation per unit area and germination rate on slide. The mycelium morphology of M. fructicola was observed by microscope. The results showed that four kinds of solvent extracts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch，Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi all can inhibit the growth of M. fructicola in content. Acetone and 80% ethanol extracts of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch inhibited the growth of M. fructicola most with the inhibition rate of 80%. Both the two kinds of extraction can destructd the mycelium morphology of M. fructicola distinctly, inhibit the conidial production and germination, and inhibit the growth of 16 plant pathogenic fungi tested.