江苏省西/甜瓜地的土壤养分状况及其对种植年限的响应

目的]为了解江苏省西/甜瓜产区土壤养分现状,探究西/甜瓜种植年限与土壤养分间的关系。方法]分别在西/甜瓜主产区的苏南、苏中和苏北地区7个市的瓜地采集150个土壤样品,对不同种植年限西/甜瓜土壤pH、电导率及养分进行分析。结果]结果表明,不同西/甜瓜产区土壤的pH、电导率及养分含量具有显著差异；从全省看,土壤有效锌含量为强变异,其余养分含量和pH、电导率均为中等变异；七个市土壤速效磷、速效钾和有效锌的含量均达到丰富水平,硼含量均较缺乏；土壤电导率以盐城市为最高,而土壤有机质和全氮以盐城市为最低。同时发现,种植年限与土壤的全氮、速效磷、速效钾、有效锌、有效硼呈极显著正相关关系。结论]总体看,江苏省不同西/甜瓜产地土壤速效养分较充足,应适当控制磷钾肥使用量,增加微量元素硼肥的使用。

Soil Nutrient Status and Its Response to Cultivation Years in Watermelon/Melon Field in Jiangsu

The objective is to understand the soil nutrients’status and the relationship between cultivation years and soil nutrients’content in watermelon and melon production areas of Jiangsu Province. 150 soil samples of different cultivation years were collected from 7 cities, which are the key production areas of watermelon and melon in the southern, central and northern Jiangsu. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and several nutrient content parameters were analyzed. Results showed that the soil pH,EC and nutrient contents differed greatly among different areas. Soil available zinc content varied strongly among the sampling areas, whereas soil pH, EC and other soil nutrients varied moderately. All the 7 cities were rich in soil available phosphorus, potassium and zinc contents but lower in soil available boron content. Both the highest EC and lowest soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents were observed in Yancheng city. Besides, we found a significant and positive correlation between the cultivation years and the contents of soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, available zinc and available boron. Overall, the soil available nutrients are adequate in the watermelon and melon production areas of Jiangsu, however, we suggest that the application amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be controlled to some extent while the application of boron fertilizer should be increased.