影响安吉白茶产量与品质的灾害性天气分型及分析研究

气象条件是影响茶树生长发育的主要环境条件,年际间气候条件特别是早春气候条件的差异,对安吉白茶的开采和产量波动较大。利用安吉2006—2017年白茶生长期调查资料以及相应时段的气候资料,对影响安吉白茶生长、产量与品质的灾害性天气过程进行分型研究,归纳出3种高影响天气类型,分别为冷空气影响型,强对流大风影响型,温度先低后高型,并对3种天气类型分别选1个典型天气过程个例,重点从天气形势、气候条件、灾情调查等方面,分析对白茶生产、品质造成的影响。结果表明:冬末春初的冷空气强度、影响时间以及影响方式等对安吉白茶的生长、产量及品质有重要的作用;选取上游安徽的阜阳站作为冷空气指标站,对本地冷空气强度预报有12 h的提前量,依据该指标可以及时发布预警信息,指导茶农合理安排生产,减少损失;针对不同的天气类型,给出了相应的防御措施。该结果可为茶农合理安排生产和适时采摘提供指导,同时也为农业气象科技人员进一步提高气象服务的针对性和专业性提供技术支撑和依据。

The Classification and Analysis of Disastrous Weather Affecting the Yield and Quality of Anji White Tea

Meteorological condition is the main environmental factor affecting the growth and development of tea plant, and the difference of early spring climatic condition has a great influence on the production and yield of Anji white tea. The classification of the disastrous weather affecting the growth, yield and quality of Anji white tea was carried out by using the agricultural survey data in tea growing period and the climatic data from 2006 to 2017. 3 types of high influence weather were summarized respectively, which were cold air influence type, strong convective wind influence type and temperature first low and later high type, and 3 typical weather processes were selected to analyze the influence on the yield and quality of white tea from the synoptic situation, climatic condition, disaster investigation. The results showed that: the intensity, influence time and influence pattern of cold air in late winter and early spring had an important effect on the growth, yield and quality of Anji white tea. Fuyang eteorological observation station of Anhui which was selected as cold air indicator station, had obvious temperature change about 12 hours earlier than Huzhou meteorological observation station of Zhejiang. According to the temperature index, Huzhou meteorological bureau could release early warning information, guide tea farmers to arrange production rationally to reduce the losses. As a result, prevention measures should be taken according to different weather types to guide practical production, at the same time, the results also provide technical support for agricultural meteorology technicians to improve the pertinence and specialization of meteorological services.