共生真菌对豆科植物吸收微量元素的影响及相关机制

为了更好理解农业生产中土壤有效微量元素匮乏或比例不平衡问题，本文介绍了植物-有益真菌之间的相互作用，尤其是豆科植物与内生真菌和菌根真菌之间的联系。植物-有益真菌共生能够不同程度地促进宿主吸收水分及土壤微量元素，提高植物生长及产量。本文总结了共生真菌调节的植物从土壤环境吸收微量元素的促进机制，并把机制总结为三个方面：（1）共生体系分泌的酸性化合物可以溶解土壤中难溶性矿物质，使土壤中微量元素有效性提高；（2）共生真菌产生的次级代谢产物提高宿主根部对微量元素的吸收和转运速率；（3）共生真菌定殖可以诱导宿主微量元素吸收和转运相关基因的表达。最后，文章对该领域存在的问题进行讨论，并展望了共生真菌在农业上的应用潜力。

Effects of Symbiotic Fungi on the Absorption of Trace Elements in Legumes and Related Mechanism

To better understand the problems of available trace elements deficiency or their ratio imbalance in the soil, this review introduced plant-beneficial fungi interactions, especially the associations between legume with endophytes and mycorrhizal fungi. Plant-beneficial fungal symbiosis could enhance water and mineral nutrient uptake to some extent, leading to a promotion in plant growth and crop yield. This review summarized the mechanism behind symbiotic fungi-mediated promotion of plant trace element uptake from soil environment. The mechanism could be concluded to three aspects: (1) acid chemicals released by symbiotic system dissolved rhizospheric minerals, leading to an increased availability of soil trace elements; (2) secondary metabolites produced by symbiotic fungi increased efficiency of root trace element uptake and transport; (3) symbiotic fungi colonization induced expression of genes that related to trace element absorption and transport. At the end of this paper, we also discussed the existing problems in this field and prospected the potential application of symbiotic fungi in agriculture.