庆阳市气候四季变化分析及对作物种植的影响

应用中国气象局2012年发布的气候季节划分标准QX/T 152—2012,利用庆阳市8站1981—2016年的逐日平均气温资料对庆阳市气候四季进行划分,得出该区常年气候分为无夏季区和四季分明区。结果表明:入春时间在4月中旬末至下旬初,西南早东北迟;入夏时间(四季分明区)在6月底至7月下旬,西北早中南迟;入秋时间在7月中旬末至8月中旬,东早西迟;入冬时间在10月中旬末至下旬初,东北早西南迟。采用线性相关分析法对四季分明区的入季日期进行分析得出:入春、入夏日期逐年呈现提前趋势,入冬日期呈现推后趋势,秋季持续天数呈现延长趋势,冬季持续天数呈现缩短趋势。为应对气候变化,该区近年来调整种植结构,引进了耐寒抗旱的藜麦,扩大紫花苜蓿的种植,发展畜牧业,大力发展苹果产业,加大设施农业投入。

Climate Change in Four Seasons in Qingyang: Analysis and Its Impacts on Crop Planting

According to the QX/T 152-2012 division standard of four seasons in climate issued by the China Meteorological Administration in 2012, the authors divided climate seasons in Qingyang based on the daily average temperature data of 8 stations in Qingyang from 1981 to 2016, finding that the annual climate of this region was divided into no summer zone and four distinctive seasons zone. The results showed that: the beginning date of spring time was between the end of mid-April to the early late-April, earlier in southwestern region than that in northeastern region; the beginning date of summer time was between the end of June to late- July, earlier in northwestern region than that in south-central region; the beginning date of autumn time was between the end of mid-July to mid-August, earlier in eastern region than that in western region; the beginning date of winter time was between mid-October to early late-October, earlier in northeastern region than that in southwestern region. The authors analyzed the beginning date of each season in four distinctive seasons zone by the methods of linear correlation analysis. The results showed that the beginning date of spring and summer had an advanced trend, the beginning date of winter had a postponed trend; the duration of autumn showed an extended trend, and the duration of winter showed a shortened trend. In response to climate change, this region has adjusted the planting structure in recent years, introduced hardy and drought-resistant quinoa, expanded alfalfa cultivation, developed animal husbandry, and increased the input to facility agriculture.