水肥一体化对矮砧密植富士果实品质的影响

摘要：目的】研究探讨水肥一体化不同水氮耦合配比时矮砧密植富士苹果果实品质变化，探索最佳水氮耦合配比方案，为干旱半干旱地区矮砧密植富士果树水肥一体化管理提供理论依据。【方法】以SH6为中间砧嫁接的矮砧密植富士苹果果实为试材，通过测定其外观品质（单果重、果形指数）、内在品质（果皮硬度、果皮脆性、果肉硬度、果肉细度）和风味指标（酸度、可溶性固形物含量）和大田普通管理果实品质进行对比分析。【结果】水肥一体化不同水氮耦合配比处理下矮砧密植富士果实质地变化存在一定差异。当高水高肥、高水低肥、低水高肥等处理时，果实品质不仅没有明显改善，甚至有所降低。通过主成分分析确定W2N2、W3N2、W2N1等处理在各个品质影响因子排序位居前三。【结论】以60%田间持水率为灌水下限，将氮肥施用量降低50%（W2N2）处理下矮砧密植富士果实单果质量高且果形高桩，果皮硬度适中，果肉致密细脆，果实风味可口，优果率高。所以在干旱半干旱地区矮砧密植富士果园应用水肥一体化技术时，最佳水氮耦合配比：以60%田间持水量为灌水下限，中等施氮肥水平可显著提高果实综合品质

Water and Fertilizer Integration Affect the Quality of Low Anvil Close Planting Fuji Fruit

The quality change of low anvil close planting Fuji fruit under different water nitrogen combinations are studied to explore the best ratio and provide a research basis for the integrated water and fertilizer management. Low anvil close planting Fuji apple grafted by interstocks SH6 was used to comparatively analyze the fruit quality traits, such as appearance quality (single fruit weight, fruit shape index), internal quality (skin hardness, fruit brittleness, pulp hardness and pulp fineness) and flavour index (acidity, soluble solids content) with fruit quality under field common management. The results showed that the quality change under different water nitrogen combinations had certain differences. The fruit quality under high water + high fertilizer, high water + low fertilizer and low water + high fertilizer decreased, through principal component analysis, quality influencing factors of W2N2, W3N2, W2N1 ranked the top three. When 60% field water capacity was made as irrigation limitation, and 50% nitrogen (W2N2) was reduced, Fuji fruit had the highest quality and high shape, peel with moderate hardness, dense and crisp pulp, and delicious flavor, and the excellent fruit rate is relatively high. So, for low anvil close planting of Fuji apple in arid and semi-arid region, the best water and nitrogen combination is 60% field water capacity as irrigation limitation with medium nitrogen level, which could improve the comprehensive quality of fruit.