肥料深施对小麦生育性状、养分吸收及产量的影响

几年来在豫东潮土地区砂质土上进行的肥料深施效果试验研究结果表明,肥料深施对小麦的生育状况和经济性状有较大影响,肥料深施与浅施比较,可使小麦植株前期生长健壮,中后期生长稳健,落黄好,穗大粒多,籽粒饱满。可显著增加小麦养分吸收量,提高化肥利用率,肥料深施处理比浅施处理氮、磷、钾的吸收量,分别增加34.32￣67.81kg/hm2,3.22￣9.42kg/hm2和17.82￣39.84kg/hm2;氮素化肥利用率提高20.86￣41.1个百分点,磷肥利用率提高7.13￣15.39个百分点;肥料深施在小麦田里养分残留量较浅施的高,尽管一季小麦对土壤有机质耗竭不大,但对氮、磷素的残存已有差异。肥料深施对小麦产量、经济效益、化肥利用率有显著的影响,采用肥料深施技术比群众习惯施肥方法(浅施)可增产小麦337.1￣1183.5kg/hm2,增产率达7.6%￣26.6%,增加收益539.36￣1893.6元/hm2。

Effects of Deep Application of Fertilizer on Growth Character, Absorption of Nutrition and Yield in Wheat

The experiments on the effects of deep application of fertilizer were carried out for several years in sandy soil area of Eastern Henan province. The results showed that, compared with shallow application, deep application of fertilizer made the wheat plants grow strongly at early stage, healthily at middle stage, and get yellow properly at late stage. Therefore, the larger ears with more seeds and full grain were obtained. Moreover, deep application of fertilizer promoted the absorption of nutrition and increased the fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) of wheat. In comparison with shallow application, the absorption of n, p and K was increased 34.32~67.8kg/hm2,3.22~9.42 kg/hm2and 17.82~39.84kg/hm2 while the FUE of nitrogen, and phosphorous fertilizer was increased 20.86~41.1 and7.13~15.39 by deep application respectively. More nutrients were left in the soil by deep application of fertilizer. Although the organic matter was not exhausted by wheat within one season, there was distinct difference in nitrogen and phosphorous elements. Deep application exerted significant influence on yield, economic benefit and FUE of wheat. In contrast with shallow application, which was a habit method of farmers, deep application of fertilizer resulted in an increase of 7.6%~26.61% (337.1~1183.5kg/hm2)in yield, 539.36~1893.6 Yuan per hm2 in economic benefit.