主要淡水水产品在养殖模式转换过程中营养品质的形成机制研究进展

随着生活水平的提高人们越来越重视膳食品质,鲈鱼、乌鳢、鳜鱼等几种肉食性鱼类因其较高的营养价值而备受关注。目前,这几种经济鱼类正处在从传统池塘养殖向池塘工程化养殖和从饲喂冰鲜饵料向投喂人工配合饲料养殖模式转变的过程中。本文通过已有研究总结了这几种主要淡水水产品的养殖现状及具体评价营养价值的指标,并对其养殖模式转换过程中的营养价值可能出现的变化进行了综述。讨论总结后发现,投喂人工配合饲料养殖的鲈鱼、鳜鱼等经济鱼类营养价值特别是蛋白质品质低于投喂冰鲜饵料的。而池塘循环水养殖这种新型的养殖模式对这几种肉食性鱼类营养价值的影响尚不明确。但从目前已有研究来看,池塘循环水养殖能够有效改善水质,并在一定程度上限制了有害物质积累。所以这种新型养殖模式对这几种经济鱼类食用品质有积极的影响。本文通过对主要淡水水产品在养殖模式转换过程中营养价值形成机制进行综述,为推行绿色健康可持续的新型养殖模式提供了理论依据。

Formation Mechanism of Nutritional Quality in Aquaculture Mode Conversion for Main Freshwater Aquatic Products: Research Progress

With the improvement of living standards, people pay more and more attention to dietary quality； And several carnivorous fishes, such as perch, Channa argus and Siniperca chuatsi have been paid more attention because of their higher nutritive value. At present, these kinds of economic fish are in the transformation process of aquaculture model from the traditional pond culture to the pond engineering culture and from feeding the ice fresh fish to feed the artificial formula feed. This paper summarized the current aquaculture status and the indexes in the specific evaluation of nutritional value for these major freshwater aquatic products, and summarized the possible changes of nutritional value in the course of the conversion of the aquaculture model. After the discussion, it was found that the nutritional value, especially protein quality of economic fish such as perch and mandarin fish fed with formula feed were lower than those fed with ice fresh fish ，and the effect of this new aquaculture model with pond circulating water culture on the nutritive value of these carnivorous fishes was unclear for the nutritional value of the fish. However, seen from the present research, pond circulating water culture can effectively improve water quality and limit the accumulation of harmful substances to a certain extent. So this new aquaculture model has a positive effect on the edible quality of these kinds of economic fishes. This paper summarizes the mechanism of nutrient value formation during the transformation of aquaculture model for the main freshwater aquatic products, to provide a theoretical basis for the implementation of a new green and healthy sustainable aquaculture model.