不同鸭品种在“稻鸭共作”系统中的行为学差异及对水稻产量的影响

为探究鸭在稻田间的运动规律，揭示不同鸭品种在田间的行为学差异以及对水稻产量的影响。本研究选取稻鸭共作试验田9块（766 m2/块），按225只/hm2分别放入役用鸭（绿头野鸭♂?金定鸭♀）、金定鸭、白改鸭等3个鸭品种，通过视频监控系统，采用连续观察法记录鸭在每天的5:00—20:00时间段内在田间的游动、休息、采食等行为的发生时间和持续时间，连续观察5天。经观察发现，鸭田间活动高峰一般是在早上5:00—7:00，8:00—11:00以及15:00—18:00等时间段，役用鸭和金定鸭每天的活动时间分别为324.50 min(36.06%)，315.75 min(35.08%)，极显著高于白改鸭264.50 min (29.39%) (P＜0.01)。采用役用鸭、金定鸭、白改鸭进行稻鸭共作后，水稻产量分别比对照组提高了22.75%，20.14%和10.89%。水稻产量构成因素与鸭游动时间相关性分析发现，结实率、理论产量与游动时间呈极显著正相关(r=0.959，P＜0.01；r=0.858，P＜0.01)，千粒重、实际产量与游动时间呈显著正相关(r=0.627，P＜0.05；r=0.767，P＜0.05)。研究结果表明：役用鸭对水稻的增产效果最好，且发现游动时间可作为影响稻鸭共作水稻产量的重要评价指标。该研究结果为稻鸭共作鸭品种的筛选以及稻鸭共作系统水稻产量的提升提供了重要的参考数据。

Behavioral Differences of Duck Breeds in the Integrated Rice-duck Farming System and the Effects on Rice Yield

The aims are to study the motion law of duck in rice field, and clarify the behavioral differences of different duck breeds in rice field and the effect on rice yield. 9 integrated rice-duck farming fields (each one was 766 m2) were selected in this study.‘Yiyong’Duck (Mallard♂?Jinding Duck♀),‘Jinding’Duck and ‘Baigai’Duck were placed in the 9 fields according to the density of 225 ducks/hm2. Using the video monitoring system, the occurrence time and duration time of swimming, resting and feeding of ducks was investigated from 5:00 to 20:00 each day with continuous observation method. The observation was continued for 5 days. The results showed that the activity peaks of the ducks were usually at 5:00 -7:00, 8:00-11:00 and 15:00- 18:00 in one day. The daily activity time of‘Yiyong’Duck and‘Jinding’Duck was 324.50 min (36.06%) and 315.75 min(35.08%), respectively, which was significantly higher than that of‘Baigai’Duck (264.50 min, 29.39%, P<0.01). The rice yield increased by 22.75%, 20.14% and 10.89% in the integrated rice-duck farming with‘Yiyong’Duck,‘Jinding’Duck and‘Baigai’Duck, respectively. The correlation analysis between yield factors of rice and swimming time of ducks showed that there was an extremely significant and positive correlation between the setting rate, theoretical output and swimming time(r=0.959, P＜0.01; r=0.858, P＜0.01). There was an obviously positive correlation between thousand-grain weight, actual yield and swimming time(r=0.627, P＜0.05; r=0.767, P＜0.05). The results indicate that‘Yiyong’Duck has the best effect on yield increasing effect, and the swimming time of duck is an important index for evaluating rice yield in the integrated rice-duck farming system. The results could provide important reference data for the selection of feasible duck breeds and the improvement of rice yield in the IRDF.