磁化水灌溉对保护地土壤质量及尖椒品质的影响

目的]探讨磁化水处理技术对长期保护地栽培土壤矿质养分、生物酶活性、物理结构等土壤理化性状及果实品质的影响,为减缓保护地栽培土壤次生盐渍化进程及土壤质量改善提供理论依据,为磁化水处理技术的应用提供理论基础。方法]以山东省寿光市洛城镇长期保护地栽培土壤和尖椒为试材,采用田间小区试验设计,设置磁化水灌溉处理,以非磁化水灌溉处理为对照,测定0~15cm土层中土壤全量养分、有效性养分和交换性养分含量、土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性以及土壤容重、孔隙度、土壤颗粒以及pH等土壤理化性质和果实品质指标,分析其变化特征。结果]结果表明：(1)磁化水灌溉提高了尖椒果实中维生素C、花青素、还原糖含量和可溶性糖含量,提高比例分别为1.76~46.85%；降低了果实中有机酸含量。(2)磁化水灌溉处理促进了Fe、Cu、N和P在叶片中的累积,其含量高于果实,而Mn和Zn含量则略低于果实中含量；Fe含量提高比例最高,在叶片和果实中平均值为57.20%,其次为全磷含量,平均值为53.49%；且磁化水灌溉处理尖椒果实和叶片矿质元素含量均高于非磁化水灌溉处理。(3)磁化水灌溉保护地栽培土壤中N、P、Mn和Zn等元素全量含量降低,为2.04%~20.61%；Fe和Cu等元素全量含量提高为4.64%-6.48%；土壤交换性K、Na和Ca等离子含量降低,为2.15%~4.95%,而交换性Mg离子含量则提高；铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷和有机质等有效性养分含量提高。(4)磁化水灌溉保护地栽培土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶等生物酶活性均有不同幅度的提高,为0.27%~24.75%。(5)磁化水灌溉保护地栽培土壤容重降低、孔隙度增加,黏粒和粉粒等细小颗粒含量增加,而砂粒含量则有所下降。结论]综上所述,磁化水处理技术有利于土壤物理结构的改善,对土壤有效性养分累积和供应强度以及土壤生物酶活性有明显的促进作用,从而提高尖椒果实的鲜食品质；并通过调整交换性离子含量和组成以及土壤pH的调节,减缓保护地土壤次生盐渍化的发生。

Irrigation with Magnetized Water: Effects on Soil Quality of Protected Field and Quality of Capsicum frutescens

To slow down the secondary salinization of protected cultivation soil and improve the soil quality, we carried out long- term irrigation of magnetized water in protected cultivation soil, set up 2 treatments (magnetized and non-magnetized water irrigation) by field tests, and determined the physiochemical property of 0-15 cm layer and the quality of Capsicum frutescens. The results showed that: (1) the contents of vitamin C, anthocyanin, reducing sugar and soluble sugar increased by 1.76% to 46.85%, whereas the content of organic acid decreased under the magnetization treatment (MT) compared with that under the non- magnetization treatment (NMT); (2) the magnetization treatment increased the content of Fe, Cu, N and P in the leaves, which was higher than that of the fruits, while the content of Mn and Zn was lower in leaves than that in fruits; (3) the MT reduced the total content of N, P, Mn and Zn by 2.04%-20.61%, increased the total content of Fe and Cu by 4.64%-6.48%; decreased the ion exchange amount of K, Na and Ca by 2.15%-4.95%, whereas increased the ion exchange amounts of Mg; compared with those of NMT, the available content of nitrat, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic matter were improved by 17.64- 113.39% under MT; (4) MT increased the activities of urease, sucrose enzyme, phosphatase and catalase by 0.27%-24.75%; (5) the soil bulk weight decreased and the porosity increased under MT, the content of clay and powder increased, but the content of sand decreased. In conclusion, the irrigation with magnetized water is benefit for improving the soil physiochemical properties and promoting the quality of fresh pepper fruits.