烟粉虱与番茄黄化曲叶病毒病发生关系研究

研究目的]为了明确番茄黄化曲叶病毒病在陕西的发生范围、不同种植茬口的发病率、烟粉虱对番茄黄化曲叶病毒病,为病毒病防治提供理论依据。方法]通过田间定期普查和人工接虫相结合的方法研究了烟粉虱在番茄黄化曲叶病毒病侵染循环中所起的作用。结果]结果表明,从不同种植区域来看,番茄黄化曲叶病毒病在陕西番茄栽培区域普遍发生,其中渭南、延安、西安,咸阳等地区发生最重,平均发病株率52.3%,病情指数平均32.6,汉中地区未发生。越夏茬番茄平均发病株率94.8%,平均病情指数53.8,平均产量降低74.0%;秋延茬和越冬茬次之,早春茬为害最轻。烟粉虱发生期与病毒病发生期相吻合,烟粉虱在较低密度情况下发生后20～25天,田间出现病毒病流行;在较高密度情况下,发生后10～15天田间出现病毒病流行。单株番茄单头烟粉虱带毒,即可引起番茄浸染病毒,随着虫口密度的增加,发病株率及发病程度依次增加。烟粉虱在感染番茄黄化曲叶病毒植株上获毒15min后即可传毒,并能够引起23.9%无毒植株染病,获毒720min时,植株感病率高达95.6 %,传毒效率与获毒时间呈正相关关系。结论]陕西关中地区为番茄黄化曲叶病毒病为害严重地区,越夏茬番茄发病最严重,其次是秋延茬和越冬茬,烟粉虱的密度、带毒率、传毒效能是传播番茄黄化曲叶病毒病的关键因子,有效切断烟粉虱的传播以及避开烟粉虱的发生高峰期是制定番茄黄化曲叶病毒病防治策略的科学基础。

Relationship Between Bemisia tabaci and Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Disease

Research objective] In order to clarify the occurrence scope of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease (TYLCVD) in Shaanxi Province, the incidence of different cropping stubble, and the effect of Bemisia tabaci on TYLCVD, providing theoretical basis for the prevention and control of virus disease. Methods] The effect of Bemisia tabaci on the infection cycle of TYLCVD was studied by means of regular field census and artificial inoculation. Results] The results showed that TYLCVD was generally common in tomato cultivation areas in Shaanxi. The most serious disease occurred in Weinan, Yan"an, Xi"an and Xianyang, with an average incidence of 52.3% and a disease index of 32.6. The disease did not occurred in Hanzhong. The summer stubble disease was the most serious, with an average incidence of 94.8%, an average disease index of 53.8, and an average yield reduction of 74.0%, autumn stubble and winter stubble were the second, and early spring stubble was the least harmful. The occurrence period of Bemisia tabaci coincided with the virus disease. The virus epidemic occurred in the field 20-25 days after the occurrence of Bemisia tabaci at low density, and in the field 10-15 days after the occurrence of high density. An individual tomato with a single veneniferous Bemisia tabaci could cause tomato infection virus. With the increase of the population density, the incidence and degree of disease increased in turn. After being infected with TYLCVD for 15 minutes, the Bemisia tabaci can transmit the virus and cause 23.9% non-toxic plant diseases. The susceptibility rate reached 95.6% after 720 minutes and the transmission efficiency was positively correlated with the time of poisoning. Conclusion] In Shaanxi Province, TYLCVD is serious in Guanzhong area. The most serious disease is found in summer stubble, followed by autumn stubble and winter stubble. The density, toxicity and virulence efficacy of Bemisia tabaci are the key factors for transmission of TYLCVD. Effective cutting off the transmission of Bemisia tabaci and avoiding the occurrence peak of Bemisia tabaci are the scientific basis for formulating the control strategy of TYLCVD.