吉林省生猪生产水足迹时空分异及优化布局研究

生猪养殖是畜牧业的重要组成部分,其生产和发展对水资源需求及水环境污染影响较大。水足迹区别于传统的取水指标,既可用于核算畜牧业耗水量,也可用于衡量畜牧业产生的水污染。为了研究吉林省生猪生产和发展对水资源需求及水环境的影响,基于水足迹理论及核算方法,对2000-2016年生猪生产水足迹进行量化,分析其绿水足迹、蓝水足迹、灰水足迹及总水足迹的时间变化和空间分布特征。结果表明：2000-2016年吉林省生猪的总水足迹呈下降趋势,其中绿水足迹呈上升趋势,蓝水足迹和灰水足迹呈下降趋势；吉林省各县(市、区)生猪绿水足迹、蓝水足迹、灰水足迹和总水足迹的空间分布总体为中部地区最高、东部地区最低,地域差异明显。因此,吉林省生猪养殖应优化布局,中部地区生猪养殖应大力发展,东部地区适当增加,而西部地区需加以控制。

The Space-time Disparity and Optimal Distribution of Water Footprint of Pig Industry in Jilin Province

Pig breeding is an important part of animal husbandry in Jilin Province, and its production and development have a great impact on water demand and water pollution. Water footprint is a water index which is different from the traditional one. It can not only calculate the water consumption of animal husbandry, but also measure the water pollution caused by animal husbandry. In order to study the impact of pig production and development on water resources and water environment in Jilin Province, the water footprint of pig production in 2000-2016 was quantified based on the water footprint theory and accounting method, and then the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of green water footprint, blue water footprint, grey water footprint and total water footprint were analyzed. The results showed that the total water footprint of pigs in Jilin Province decreased from 2000 to 2016, in which the green water footprint showed an upward trend, and the blue water footprint and grey water footprint showed a downward trend. The spatial distribution of green water footprint, blue water footprint, grey water footprint and total water footprint of pigs in counties of Jilin Province is the highest in the middle region and the lowest in the eastern region, with obvious regional differences. Therefore, the layout of pig breeding in Jilin Province should be optimized, which were to vigorously be developed in the middle region, to be controlled in the western region and to be appropriately increased in the eastern region.