氮肥形态配比对烤烟中性致香成分含量及产质量的影响

为明确氮素形态对烟叶品质和经济性状的调控效应,通过田间试验,研究铵态氮和硝态氮配施对烟叶化学成分含量、中性致香成分含量、感官质量及产量的影响。结果表明,铵硝配施显著提高了烟叶还原糖、总糖和钾含量,降低了总植物碱含量。铵硝配施处理的类胡萝卜素类、苯丙氨酸类、棕色化产物类和类西柏烷类致香成分含量低于单施铵态氮处理,与单施硝态氮处理差异较小。新植二烯含量和总中性致香成分含量以单施硝态氮处理最高,铵硝配比为30%:70%的处理次之。烟叶感官质量以铵硝配比为30%:70%的处理最佳,铵硝配比为50%:50%的处理次之。烟叶产值以铵硝配比为50%:50%的处理最高,铵硝配比为30%:70%的处理次之。在本试验条件下,兼顾品质和效益的铵硝配比为30%:70%或50%:50%。

Effect of Nitrogen Form Ratio on Neutral Aroma Constituents Contents,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

Objective]Method]In order to detect the effect of different ratios of ammonium to nitrate (ammonium, NH4 vs nitrate, NO3- ) on chemical components, neutral aroma constituents contents, sensory quality and yield, field experiment was conducted. Result]The results showed that NH4 plus NO3- increased total sugar content, reducing sugar content and potassium content ,and reduced the nicotine content. The aroma constituents of carotenoids, phenylalanine, maillard reaction products and cembranenoids of the treatments of NH4 plus NO3- were higher than those of the treatment with NH4 only, but had little difference to the treatment with sole NO3- supply. Total neutral aroma constituents content and the neophytadiene content of the treatment with sole NO3- supply were higher than those of other treatments, followed by the treatment 30% NH4 plus 70% NO3-. The sensory quality of treatment 30% NH4 plus 70% NO3- was better than that of other treatments, followed by the treatment 50% NH4 plus 50% NO3-. The output value of treatment 50% NH4 plus 50% NO3- was better than that of other treatments, followed by the treatment 30% NH4 plus 70% NO3-. Conclusion]Under the experimental condition, the best proportion of ammonium and nitrate was 30% or 50% and 50% or 70% respectively taking account of quality and economic.