不同水稻品种产量对抽穗期高温的响应及其差异

为探讨全球气候变暖情况下,水稻高产稳产栽培技术及耐热新品种选育,以13个杂交水稻品种为材料,在田间自然条件下,研究了抽穗期高温对水稻产量的影响及其品种差异。结果表明,抽穗期温度升高会显著降低水稻产量,该时期平均温度每升高1℃会造成水稻减产15.3%。不同水稻品种对抽穗期高温的响应表现出显著的差异,父本丰新占所配组合对抽穗期高温的耐热能力较差,表现为结实率较低(40.5%～59.3%),而父本GR560所配组合对抽穗期高温有一定的耐热能力,结实率较高(64.9%～75.6%)。水稻抽穗期高温胁迫问题的解决,应侧重于培育生育期与当地栽培环境相适宜的新品种或通过种植制度调整和栽培技术创新,使其避开抽穗期高温。

Yield of Various Hybrid Rice Cultivars: Responses to High Temperature During Heading Period

To detect cultivation techniques of high and stable yield of rice and breeding new cultivars with resistance to high temperature under global warming condition, a field experiment is conducted to study the effects of high temperature during heading period on yield of 13 hybrid rice cultivars. The results showed that rice yield was significantly reduced by high temperature during heading period, the yield declined by 15.3% for each 1°C increase in this period. There were significant differences in response of yield of different hybrid rice cultivars to high temperature during heading period. The combinations of male parent Fengxinzhan had low seed setting rate (40.5%-59.3%), which had poorer tolerance to high temperature during this period. On the contrary, the combinations of male parent GR560 had greater tolerance to high temperature during heading period with high seed setting rate (64.9%-75.6%). To solve the problem of high temperature stress in rice heading period, more attention should be paid to breeding new cultivars with growth period suitable for the local cultivation environment, or adjusting cropping system and rice improving cultivation technique to ensure the crop to avoid high temperature during heading period.