控释专用肥在烤烟生产上的应用

通过5年的田间小区试验,考察了施用烟草控释肥对烟草农艺性状、养分利用率以及烤烟的产量、外观品质等级、烟叶化学成分等因子的影响,评价烟草控释肥在烤烟生产上应用的综合效果。试验结果表明,与当地推荐施肥相比,施用烟草控释肥促进了烟株的生长,提高烟叶产量14.1~51.8 kg/hm2；增加养分吸收累积量,肥料N、P、K利用率分别提高了2.3~6.7,1.9~3.6,1~3.1个百分点。控释肥的施用还明显改善了烟叶的外观品质等级,上等烟比例提高了3.9~5.8个百分点,降低了烟叶中烟碱含量,提高其还原糖含量以及中上部叶的钾含量。提高烟叶产值1404.6~8764.0元/hm2,5年平均增值3385元/hm2。可见在烤烟生产上施用控释专用肥不仅减少了施肥次数,节约了人力成本,还在大田生产上表现出很好的增产提质和增值效应。

Application of Special Controlled Release Fertilizer in Tobacco Production

A 5-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of special controlled release fertilizer on tobacco yield, appearance quality, chemical components and nutrient use efficiency. The results showed that, compared with local recommended fertilization, the special controlled release fertilizer increased the tobacco yield by 14.1-51.8 kg/hm2, significantly improved NPK use efficiency by 2.3-6.7, 1.9-3.6 and 1-3.1 percentage point, respectively. The application of special controlled release fertilizer obviously improved the appearance quality and increased the rate of supper tobacco by 3.9-5.8 percentage point; decreased total nitrogen and alkaloid contents and increased reducing sugar contents in tobacco leaves; and also increased the potassium content of middle and upper tobacco leaves; raised the output value by 1404.6-8764.0 yuan/hm2. The average output value of five years was increased by 3385 yuan/hm2. In addition, the application of the controlled release fertilizer reduced fertilizer application frequency and improved economic benefits. These illustrated that the special controlled release fertilizer could supply and balance nutrients for tobacco growth need in time and sufficiently.