花魔芋与湖北贝母一年两熟轮作栽培新模式研究

为探索花魔芋和湖北贝母的周年轮作栽培新模式，以花魔芋、湖北贝母为材料，考察其生育期、产量、病虫害、经济效益及栽培生理，探索新的轮作高效栽培模式。结果表明：花魔芋和湖北贝母轮作，生长期衔接良好，净作产量和效益分别为12377.85 kg/hm²和6189.25元/hm²，轮作中魔芋产量12489.00 kg/hm²、贝母产量8889.00 kg/hm²，总效益151335.00元/hm²。与对照相比，病害无显著差异，魔芋增产0.89%，虫害升高1.92%，综合效益高107.66%。同时，首次报道花魔芋根状茎的栽培生理问题，发现了其生育期与种芋安全贮藏的重要关系，提出生育期达184天以上方能基本保障根状茎的生理成熟。由此得出，花魔芋—湖北贝母一年两熟轮作栽培新模式可解决山区可耕作土地少、中药材野生种质资源湖北贝母过度开采等突出问题，实现生物多样性保护和经济效益的双赢。

Study on the New Two Crops A Year Rotation Cultivation Model of Konjac and Fritillaria

To explore the new two crops a year rotation cultivation model of konjac with winter crops such as fritillaria, the author studied the growth period, yield, diseases and insect pests, economic benefit and cultivation physiology. The results showed that, growing period of the two crops could be completed in one year, yield was 12377.85 kg/hm2 and benefit was 61889.25 yuan/hm2 by single cropping, yield of konjac and fritillaria were 12489.00 kg/hm2, 8889.00 kg/hm2 respectively by rotation, total benefits were 151335.00 yuan/hm2. Compared with the control, there was no significant difference in disease, increase rate of konjac yield was 0.89% , although pests increased 1.92% and the comprehensive benefit increased 107.66% . Meanwhile, physiological problems of konjac planting rhizomes was reported firstly, the important relationship was discovered between growth period and safe storage, the growth period of 184 days or longer was the basic guarantee condition for the physiological maturity. The new cultivation model could solve the problem of less tillage land in mountains, overexploitation of wild resources, and achieve both biodiversity conservation and economic benefits.