中国耕地质量保护及污染防治问题探讨

耕地是人类赖以生存与发展的物质基础，耕地质量及污染防治攸关农业可持续发展、农产品质量安全大局。由于长期受工业污染的影响以及过量施用化肥、农药、抗生素等不当生产方式，中国耕地污染呈日益加剧的趋势，耕地质量状况不容乐观。利用江苏、湖南、黑龙江和吉林4 省的实地调研资料，对耕地质量保护及污染防治问题进行了深入分析。研究发现：尽管4 省采取了一系列耕地质量保护及污染防治举措，但仍存在顶层设计有待加强、传统农业技术精华有待继承发展、科技与政策支撑不足以及各相关主体意识有待提升等问题。最后，提出加强顶层设计、建立耕地生态补偿机制、强化技术研发以及加大宣传等建议。

Study on Quality Protection and Pollution Prevention of Farmland

Farmland is the material basis of human survival and development, its quality and pollution prevention directly influenced the sustainable development of agriculture and quality and safety of agricultural products. While, due to the long-term effects by industrial pollution and excessive use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, antibiotics, farmland pollution is growing and the quality situation is not optimistic. Using the information collected in Jiangsu, Hunan, Heilongjiang and Jilin, this paper analyzed the quality protection and pollution prevention of farmland, and found that although the 4 provinces have adopted a series of measures to protect farmland and prevent pollution, there are still some problems to be solved, such as the top-level design needs to be strengthened, the traditional agricultural technology needs to be inherited, the technology and policy support need to be enhanced and the consciousness of related subjects needs to be improved. On this basis, this paper suggests to strengthen the top-level design, establish ecological compensation mechanism for farmland and improve the R & D of technology and propaganda.