甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育系105A花药败育的细胞学观察

旨在了解并揭示不育系105A的花粉败育时期和细胞学特征,为进一步正确认识细胞质雄性不育系分子机制提供必要参考依据。采用石蜡制片法,对甘蓝型油菜杂交种‘青杂5号’的雄性不育系105A及其恢复系1831R的小孢子发生和花药发育过程进行观察,以确定其花粉败育的时期和细胞学特点。研究结果表明,在不育系105A花药败育过程中,一部分发生于造孢细胞时期,属于无花粉囊败育型;另一部分发生于单核晚期,属于单核败育型,其特点为单核晚期绒毡层细胞膨大向小孢子靠近,并逐步降解,其破裂胞质退化残余物侵入药室,与小孢子混合粘连在一起,甚至有些绒毡层细胞整块脱落,成为染色很深的团块状物质,占据药室一部分空间,最终小孢子降解,花药败育。

Cytological Observation on Anther Development of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Line 105A in Brassica napus L.

The paper aims to understand and reveal the stage of pollen abortion and the cytological character sterile of CMS 105A, and prove the basic data for studying the CMS of Brassica napus on the molecule level. Observation of anther in Brassica napus cytoplasmic male sterility line 105A and its restoring line was made by means of paraffin section method in order to determine the time when the anther development was inhibited and the sterile mode. It indicated that: one part of 105A anther development was inhibited at the time of sporogenous cell stage, the other part was inhibited at the stage of uninucleic pollen. The hypertrophic tapetal cells were abnormal enlarged, the disintegrated tapetum cells infiltrated into the location around the pollen mother cells and conglutinated with the pollen mother cells. The tapetum cells disaggregated with protoplasm shrinking and degraded into densely stained mass, they occupied too much space and compressed the microspores and caused the sterility of pollen grains.