沂河流域土壤侵蚀分布特征研究

为探索沂河流域土壤侵蚀的强度和规律,利用Arc GIS的空间分析与统计分析功能,从高程、坡度、土壤类型、土地利用4个方面,对沂河流域土壤侵蚀的空间分布特征进行研究。结果表明:(1)流域土壤侵蚀总体以中度侵蚀为主,存在较为明显的区域差异;(2)侵蚀主要发生在600 m以下区域,其中高程位于200~400 m之间的区域侵蚀面积最大;(3)5°以下以及8°~15°坡度级土壤侵蚀面积较大,土壤侵蚀随坡度的增加总体都呈现出先增强后减弱的趋势;(4)土壤总面积越大,侵蚀面积也越大。石质土、粗骨土的土壤侵蚀率较高,潮土和砂姜黑土的土壤侵蚀率较低;(5)耕地、草地和林地侵蚀面积最大,林地、草地、未利用地土壤侵蚀率较大,水域土壤侵蚀率最小。

Distribution Characteristics of Soil Erosion in Yihe Basin

The paper aims to explore the soil erosion intensity and regularity in Yihe basin. Based on spatial and statistical analysis of ArcGIS, the spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion in Yihe basin were studied from 4 aspects of elevation, slope, soil type distribution and land use situation. The results indicated that: (1) moderate erosion was the primary erosion type, and there were obviously regional differences in this basin; (2) erosion occurred mainly below 600 m, wherein the eroded area was located most in the region between 200-400 m; (3) area of soil erosion was large when the slope was under 5° and between 8°-15°, the strength of soil erosion was first enhanced and then weakened with the increase of the slope; (4) the greater the total soil area was, the greater the erosion area was; the rate of soil erosion in rocky soil and skeletal soil was high, and the rate in damp soil and lime concretion black soil was relatively low; (5) the area of soil erosion was large in arable land, woodland and grassland, the rate of soil erosion in grassland and unused land was large, the rate of soil erosion in water area was the minimum.