濒危药用植物沙冬青内生真菌分离及其抑菌活性初步研究

为探明濒危药用植物沙冬青内生真菌资源的多样性及其抑菌活性特征，通过组织块法对内生真菌进行了分离，并选择小麦全蚀病菌、枸杞黑果病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌、黄瓜立枯病菌5种植物病原真菌和枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌4种细菌作为指示菌，采用对峙法和改进的菌块法测定抑菌活性。结果显示，从沙冬青不同组织器官中分离出41株内生真菌，根部最多，其次为叶部，茎部最少，经形态学初步分类鉴定归于5个目，6个科，19个属；有31株菌对2种或多种指示菌有不同程度的抑制作用，占菌株总数的75．6％，15株内生真菌对1种或多种供试细菌指示菌具有不同程度的抑制作用，占分离菌株总数的36．6％，其中5株内生真菌分别对4种植物病原真菌指示菌具有明显的抑制作用，占菌株总数的12．2％，8株内生真菌对1种供试细菌指示菌有明显的抑制作用，占分离菌株总数的19．5％，4株内生真菌菌株即对供试植物病原真菌指示菌又对供试细菌指示菌有明显抑制作用，抑菌范围宽，属于青霉属、柬丝菌属、茎叶核菌属。濒危药用植物沙冬青具有丰富的内生真菌资源，其开发和利用具有重要的生态学意义和经济价值。

Isolation of Endophytic Fungi from Ammopiptanthus Mongolicus Cheng f. and Its Microbial Inhibition Activity

In order to explore the resource diversity and microbial inhibition activity of endophytic fungi from endangered medicinal plant Ammopiptanthus mongolicus Cheng f., the endophytic fungi were isolated from root, stem and leaf of the host by tissue inoculation culture and five pathogenic fungi and four bacteria strains used as indicators to test microbial inhibition activity by agar plate antagonistic action and modified agar gel diffusion methods. The results indicated that forty-one endophytic fungi strains were isolated from the host, most of them coming from root, then leaf and stem the least. The isolated strains attribute to nineteen genera, six families, and five orders based on morphological characters; for the isolated strains thirty-one strains were found to have some microbial inhibition activities against 2 or more indicators, making up 75.6% of the total isolated strains, fifteen isolated strains had antibacterial activity against 1 or more indicating bacteria to some degree, amounting to 36.6% of the total isolates, among which five endophytic fungi strains isolated showedevident inhibition activity against 4 indicating pathogenic fungal strains respectively, which was 12.2% of the isolated strains, eight strains isolated exhibited evident inhibition activity against 1 indicating bacteria, respeetively, whieh was 19.5% of the total isolates, there were four strains showed evident antifungal and antibacterial activity with broad spectrum, belonging to Pem＇eillium sp., Ozonium sp., and Eetostroma sp.. The endangered medicinal plant Ammopiptanthus mongolieus Cheng f. showed abundant endophytic fungal resource, and its development and application was of eeologieal and eeonomic signifieanee.